Piratical slave-raiding – the demise of a Viking practice in high medieval Denmark

Heebøll-Holm, Thomas

doi:10.1080/03468755.2020.1748106

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Beyond the Islamic world, slaves played an equivalent role in many African states (examined below), while slave soldiers were also commonly used from the ancient Mediterranean to the Mongol Empire, but also by European colonists around the world (Brown and Morgan 2006; Wyatt 2022). Though Western European rulers faced the same problem of centralizing composite states, because of the atypical disappearance of intra-European/Christian slavery in the Middle Ages (see Heeboll-Holm 2020), they did not use slave administrators and soldiers (the story in Eastern Europe, especially in Muscovy/Russia, was more complicated; see e.g., Hellie 2011; Witzenrath 2016). The lack of European historical experience with slave-based state centralization has translated into a theoretical neglect of this path.…”

Section: Slaves As the Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Zanj slaves taken from East Africa to current-day Iraq provide an early example in the eighth and ninth centuries (Sheriff 2018). From the tenth century onward, the Vikings increasingly sold the people they captured in their raids to Muslim markets (Heeboll-Holm 2020, 440). Why did many Islamic polities constantly need to import slaves?…”

Section: International Slaving Orders: the Ottomansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Slavery in the Making of States and International Orders

Sharman

Zarakol

2023

Am Polit Sci Rev

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Despite having key implications for fundamental political science questions, slavery as a global phenomenon has received little attention in the field. We argue that slavery played an important role in state-building and international order formation. To counter a historical U.S./Atlantic bias, we draw evidence mostly from the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. We identify two slave-based paths to state construction. A “slaves as the state” logic saw slave soldiers and administrators used to overcome the constraints of indirect rule in centralizing power. In a “slaves under the state” model the economy was based on slave production, itself underpinned by institutionalized state coercion. Norms often prohibited enslavement within communities, thus externalizing demand. This led to militarized slaving, and fostered increasingly long-distance trade in slaves. The combination of these normative, military, and commercial factors formed international slaving orders.

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Section: Slaves As the Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Slaving Orders: the Ottomansmentioning

confidence: 99%