Piperitenone Oxide as Toxic, Repellent, and Reproduction Retardant Toward Malarial VectorAnopheles stephensi(Diptera: Anophelinae)

Abstract

Anopheles stephensi (Liston) is a well-known vector of malarial parasite in tropical countries. The developing trend of resistance in mosquitoes toward synthetic mosquitocidal agents makes their management extremely difficult. Effectiveness of essential oils with aroma therapeutic values seems to be an emerging tool to combat this vector. Piperitenone oxide isolated from essential oil of a new genotype, Mentha spicata L. variety viridis, has been evaluated for larvicidal, ovicidal, oviposition-deterrent, developmental toxicity, and repellent properties against various stages of A. stephensi. The results indicated the higher efficacy of piperitenone oxide than the crude essential oil of M. spicata variety viridis in all the bioassay experiments. The lethal response of piperitenone oxide and the oil toward fourth instar larvae showed LD50 values of 61.64 and 82.95 microg/ml, respectively. Female adults of A. stephensi exposed to the oil laid approximately 42 times less number of eggs at the dose of 60.0 microg/ml as compared with control, whereas exposure of piperitenone oxide at the same dose completely inhibited the oviposition. Furthermore, piperitenone oxide also completely inhibited egg hatching at the dose of 75.0 microg/ml in ovicidal assay. Developmental toxicity studies showed the significant developmental inhibition potential of the compound and oil. Additionally, piperitenone oxide was found to be highly toxic and repellent toward adults of A. stephensi as compared with oil.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from different Mentha L. and Pulegium species against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Moreover, as we ourselves have discovered, this species can also be grown in the climate of Central Europe with very good yields for the EO (1.6%). All papers published until the present have focused on the larvicidal efficacy of EO obtained from Mentha spp., and have presented results obtained from materials grown in climates different in terms of both temperature and precipitation (Tripathi et al 2004;Mohamed & Abdegaleil 2008;Koliopoulos et al 2010). As far as we know, this is the first study to demonstrate that good-quality plant materials suitable as a source of active substances for botanical larvicides can be obtained.…”

“…This monoterpene represents the majority share of EO of some species of the Mentha L. genus, such as M. rotundifolia (Reitsema 1957), M. spicata (Tripathi et al 2004), M. longifolia (Saeidi et al 2012, and M. suaveolens (Oumzil et al 2002), and is also present in other species of aromatic plants, such as Micromeria dalmatica (Karosou et al 2012) and M. albanica (Marinković et al 2003); however, these plants show a much lower monoterpene content than the M. longifolia genotype that we tested.…”

“…For example, Mohamed and Abdegaleil (2008) mentioned that EO obtained from Mentha microphylla with a majority share of piperitenone oxide was significantly more effective against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum than other tested EO. Tripathi et al (2004) tested piperitenone oxide isolated from EO obtained from M. spicata var. virids for larvicidal, ovicidal, and antiovipositional effects against Anopheles stephensi.…”

Terpenes: Natural Products for Controlling Insects of Importance to Human Health—A Structure-Activity Relationship Study

“…Oxide piperitenone retarded the reproduction of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Moreover, oxide piperitenone also completely inhibited egg hatching at a dose of 750 g/mL in an ovicidal assay, as well as inhibited oviposition, but no changes were observed in adult development [123]. When Acanthoscelides obtectus larvae and pupae were exposed to sublethal concentrations of lavender, rosemary, and Eucalyptus essential oil vapor, the results revealed an increase in the development times of larvae and pupae along with a reduction in the longevity and fecundity of the emerged female adults [124].…”

Essential Oil Composition of the Aerial Parts of Mentha Spicata L.

“…piperitenone oxide which is reported to be used as toxic, repellent, and reproduction retardant for malarial vector Anopheles stephensi [16] and -caryophyllene shows antiinflammatory effects in mice, has antinociceptive, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant and anti-alcoholis properties [17] , Mentha spicata can be explored commercially as an alternative to synthetic drugs.…”