“…Aloe-emodin in aloe vera, 6-gingerol in ginger and piperine in black pepper are all reported to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis through the suppression of expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (38,42). All ingredients of BU, except epsom salts, have been revealed to exert apoptotic activity in various cancer cell lines, including SMMC-7721 (56), a human glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) (57), prostate cancer (58), H460 non-small cell lung carcinoma (59), adriamycin-resistant human leukemia (K562/ADR) (60), MCF-7 (61), IOMM-Lee and CH157MN (62) via the overexpression of BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (60)(61)(62), caspase 3 (57,62), caspase 8 (57), caspase 9 (59), induced ROS accumulation (56,61) or via the AKT/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (60).…”