Pipe Sizing for Novel Heat Distribution Technology

Averfalk, Helge; Ottermo, Fredric; Werner, Sven

doi:10.3390/en12071276

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Local heat consumers thus have the potential to become a heat producer and sell the heat to the thermal grid, which makes them prosumers. Nevertheless, the transition caused by changes in retrofitting the thermal infrastructure yields higher costs [72], and the economic competitiveness is the heart for future energy system transition in the heat industry. This is also the challenge SWHP technology is facing.…”

Section: Influence From Energy System Transition Social Aspects and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seawater heat pumps in China, a spatial analysis

Madani

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Energy Conversion and Management

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Fossil fuel based building space heating and cooling contribute to more than 10% total final energy consumption in China. Consequent carbon dioxide and air pollutants emissions bring about atmospheric pressure and associated respiratory diseases. Seawater heat pumps as a candidate sustainable building space heating and cooling solution can alleviate such environmental pressure since China has a long coastline and many coastal cities have the possibility for seawater heat pump implementation. However, stakeholders are still suffering from insufficient understanding of seawater heat pumps feasibility in different coastal cities of China from technoeconomic, environmental and geographical perspectives. This paper proposes a systematic method to evaluate seawater heat pump potential in different locations of China considering various local spatial parameters in the source and sink side of the energy system. A key performance indicator system is introduced to quantitatively analyze the relative advantages and disadvantages of applying seawater heat pumps compared with status-quo systems. Quantitative evaluation results show that seawater heat pumps have a higher potential in north Chinese coastal cities from techno-economic point of view when compared with existing heating and cooling systems. Environmentally, seawater heat pumps have to reach a critical seasonal coefficient of performance value to guarantee its potential in carbon emissions saving. In south Chinese coastal cities, seawater heat pumps have to reach a more satisfactory system efficiency and a more competitive system cost in order to exploit its full advantages over status-quo systems from techno-economic perspectives. Environmentally, seawater heat pumps are more attractive than competing technologies in south cities. Also, north Chinese cities are geographically more feasible for seawater heat pumps applications compared with south cities.

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Section: Influence From Energy System Transition Social Aspects and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seawater heat pumps in China, a spatial analysis

Madani

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…However, these have the negative effect of increasing the average return temperatures in the networks. Averfalk and Werner proposed an innovative solution for new residential areas using a three-pipe distribution network, where the bypass flows can be recirculated in the supply line rather than contaminating the return line [29,30], although this will require an extra pipe. Instead, Brand et al proposed the "comfort bathroom" concept, where the bypass flow heats the bathroom floor and provides comfort when there is no demand for heating otherwise [31].…”

Section: Improved Design For Supply Heat During Summer and No-load Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar arrangement for the supply line was proposed by Averfalk and Werner in Refs. [29,30] to allow the recirculation of the supply hot water and avoid return temperature contamination in a typical tree network layout.…”

Section: End-users' Substations and Connection To The Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas

et al. 2020

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This study investigated a double loop network operated with ultra-low supply/return temperatures of 45/25 °C as a novel solution for low heat-density areas in Denmark and compared the proposed concept with a typical tree network and with individual heat pumps to each end-users rather than district networks. It is a pump-driven system, where the separate circulation of supply and return flow increased the flexibility of the system to integrate and displace heating and cooling energy along the network. Despite the increased use of central and local water pumps to operate and control the system, the simulated overall pump energy consumption was 0.9% of the total energy consumption. This was also an advantage at the design stage as the larger pressure gradient, up to 570 Pa/m, allowed minimal pipe diameters. In addition, the authors proposed the installation of electrically heated vacuum-insulated micro tanks of 10 L on the primary side of each building substation as a supplementary heating solution to meet the comfort and hygiene requirements for domestic hot water (DHW). This, combined with supply water circulation in the loop network, served as a technical solution to remove the need for bypass valves during summer periods with no load in the network. The proposed double loop system reduced distribution heat losses from 19% to 12% of the total energy consumption and decreased average return temperatures from 33 °C to 23 °C compared to the tree network. While excess heat recovery can be limited due to hydraulic issues in tree networks, the study investigated the double loop concept for scenarios with heat source temperatures of 30 °C and 45 °C. The double loop network was cost-competitive when considering the required capital and operating costs. Furthermore, district networks outperformed individual heat pump solutions for low-heat density areas when waste heat was available locally. Finally, although few in Denmark envisage residential cooling as a priority, this study investigated the potential of embedding heating and cooling in the same infrastructure. It found that the return line could deliver cold water to the end-users and that the maximum cooling power was 1.4 kW to each end-user, which corresponded to 47% of the total peak heat demand used to dimension the double loop network.

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“…The statement with the highest rate of agreement concerns the possible increase in pump energy demand, which covers a relatively technical topic. It implies that, according to the interviewed experts, this subject has already been sufficiently included in 4GDH analyses (see, e.g., [55][56][57]). The rate of agreement that user confidence in the new technology has to be further investigated was relatively high among academic experts (IM = 2.5), which could be a starting point for further research.…”

Section: 46mentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH

2019

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Fourth-generation district heating networks (4GDH) can play a special role in the efficient and climate-friendly use of energy. In this study, we have examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of this innovative technology. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, we assessed the SWOT-factors in terms of their importance. Among the factors that were weighted with the highest relative importance were the ability of 4GDH to serve as a label bundling and stimulating considerations with respect to the further development of district heating systems and the increased value creation within the national economy through the inclusion of local, renewable energy sources. Moreover, the interviewed experts agreed that regulatory frameworks in the context of 4GDH have to be further developed.

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Pipe Sizing for Novel Heat Distribution Technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Seawater heat pumps in China, a spatial analysis

Seawater heat pumps in China, a spatial analysis

Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas

District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH

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