Pioneer 11 Infrared Radiometer Experiment: The Global Heat Balance of Jupiter

Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Münch, Guido; Neugebauer, G.; Diner, David J.; Orton, Glenn S.; Schupler, B. R.; Schroeder, M.; Chase, S. C.; Ruiz, Ramiro Daniel Ballesteros; Trafton, Laurence M.

doi:10.1126/science.188.4187.472

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(2) (e.g., Ingersoll et al 1975, Guillot et al 1996. For β Pic b we calculate T eq ∼130 K, while the planet is much hotter at T eff ∼1700 K. This is in contrast to hot Jupiters which have effective temperatures close to their equilibrium temperatures (Cowan & Agol 2011).…”

Section: A Self-luminous Planetmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAGELLAN ADAPTIVE OPTICS FIRST-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXOPLANETβPIC b. II. 3–5μm DIRECT IMAGING WITH MagAO+Clio, AND THE EMPIRICAL BOLOMETRIC LUMINOSITY OF A SELF-LUMINOUS GIANT PLANET

Morzinski

Males

Skemer

et al. 2015

ApJ

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Young giant exoplanets are a unique laboratory for understanding cool, low-gravity atmospheres. A quintessential example is the massive extrasolar planet β Pic b, which is 9 AU from and embedded in the debris disk of the young nearby A6V star β Pictoris. We observed the system with first light of the Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) system. In Paper I (Males et al. 2014) we presented the first CCD detection of this planet with MagAO+VisAO. Here we present four MagAO+Clio images of β Pic b at 3.1 µm, 3.3 µm, L ′ , and M ′ , including the first observation in the fundamental CH 4 band. To remove systematic errors from the spectral energy distribution (SED), we re-calibrate the literature photometry and combine it with our own data, for a total of 22 independent measurements at 16 passbands from 0.99-4.8 µm. Atmosphere models demonstrate the planet is cloudy but are degenerate in effective temperature and radius. The measured SED now covers >80% of the planet's energy, so we approach the bolometric luminosity empirically. We calculate the luminosity by extending the measured SED with a blackbody and integrating to find log(L bol /L ⊙ ) = −3.78 ± 0.03. From our bolometric luminosity and an age of 23±3 Myr, hot-start evolutionary tracks give a mass of 12.7±0.3 M Jup , radius of 1.45±0.02 R Jup , and T eff of 1708±23 K (model-dependent errors not included). Our empirically-determined luminosity is in agreement with values from atmospheric models (typically −3.8 dex), but brighter than values from the field-dwarf bolometric correction (typically −3.9 dex), illustrating the limitations in comparing young exoplanets to old brown dwarfs.

show abstract

Section: A Self-luminous Planetmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAGELLAN ADAPTIVE OPTICS FIRST-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXOPLANETβPIC b. II. 3–5μm DIRECT IMAGING WITH MagAO+Clio, AND THE EMPIRICAL BOLOMETRIC LUMINOSITY OF A SELF-LUMINOUS GIANT PLANET

Morzinski

Males

Skemer

et al. 2015

ApJ

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[Ingersoll et al, 1976], and analysis of Voyager measurements of thermal emission indicate the same [Pirraglia, 1984]. Ingersoll and Porco [1978] showed that the sum of internal heat flow and absorbed solar energy would be approximately independent of latitude if most of the poleward heat transport required to balance differential solar heating occurred in the deep interior of Jupiter rather than in just the several scale heights of atmosphere near cloud levels.…”

Section: Atmospheric Circulation and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Galileo probe mission to Jupiter: Science overview

Young¹

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper is an introduction to and overview of the accompanying papers in this issue which give detailed results from the Galileo probe mission to Jupiter, including results from the Galileo orbiter and Earth-based observations that are relevant for understanding the probe data and placing them in context. A summary of prior knowledge of Jupiter's atmosphere is also presented. All probe scientific investigations were successful. As anticipated, the Galileo probe results confirm some expectations about Jupiter, refute others, and raise important new questions. The Galileo probe defined the atmospheric thermal structure at the probe entry site from --•1000 km above the 1 bar pressure level to a depth near 22 bars. During direct atmospheric sampling beginning near 0.4 bar, instruments on the probe measured composition, cloud properties, thermal structure, winds, radiative energy balance, and electrical properties of the Jovian atmosphere. Prior to reaching the Jovian atmosphere, probe instruments measured properties of the inner magnetosphere, observing regions not previously sampled by any spacecraft.

show abstract

“…3. Infrared emission at 45/ira wavelength, as observed by the infrared radiometer on the Pioneer 11 spacecraft (Ingersoll et aL, 1975b). See caption to Figure 2.…”

Section: Temperatures and Radiative Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the brightness temperature contrast is probably due to variable sources of opacity (clouds); the temperature differences at constant pressure are probably less than 2K. All of these temperature differences are small (Ingersoll et al, 1975b).…”

Section: Solar Vs Internal Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

The atmosphere of Jupiter

Ingersoll

1975

Space Sci Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current information on the neutral atmosphere of Jupiter is reviewed, with approximately equal emphasis on composition and thermal structure on the one hand, and markings and dynamics on the other. Studies based on Pioneer I0 and 11 data are used to refine the atmospheric model. Data on the interior are reviewed for the information they provide on the deep atmosphere. The markings and dynamics are discussed with emphasis on qualitative relationships and analogies with phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere.

show abstract

Pioneer 11 Infrared Radiometer Experiment: The Global Heat Balance of Jupiter

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

MAGELLAN ADAPTIVE OPTICS FIRST-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXOPLANETβPIC b. II. 3–5μm DIRECT IMAGING WITH MagAO+Clio, AND THE EMPIRICAL BOLOMETRIC LUMINOSITY OF A SELF-LUMINOUS GIANT PLANET

MAGELLAN ADAPTIVE OPTICS FIRST-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXOPLANETβPIC b. II. 3–5μm DIRECT IMAGING WITH MagAO+Clio, AND THE EMPIRICAL BOLOMETRIC LUMINOSITY OF A SELF-LUMINOUS GIANT PLANET

The Galileo probe mission to Jupiter: Science overview

The atmosphere of Jupiter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About