Pion degrees of freedom in nuclear matter

Migdal, A.B.; Saperstein, É. E.; Troitsky, M.A.; Voskresensky, D. N.

doi:10.1016/0370-1573(90)90132-l

Cited by 307 publications

(612 citation statements)

References 345 publications

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“…The latter possibility, however, needs a more detailed analysis (including the comparison of thermodynamic potentials of two phases). It is worthwhile to mention that the pion condensation in dense nuclear medium also arises by the first order phase transition at finite temperature, namely as the consequence of thermal fluctuations [14,28]. The latter are described by the same tadpole diagram, as the intensity of the multiple scattering discussed here.…”

Section: Medium Modification Of Boson Excitations Hbcmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…[14]. The former regime might be relevant for heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC, whereas the latter one, for SIS energies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The form of the spectrum (204) coincides with that previously used in the description of the dense baryon matter in the pion condensation problem, cf. [14]. The boson spectral function has the form…”

Section: Intensity Of Multiple Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distributions of particles radiating at the break up stage of the fireball are also enhanced compared to Boltzmann distributions at given temperature, since at least a part of a large number of virtual particle degrees of freedom concentrated in the fireball before its break up can be transformed into distributions of particles measured at infinity (however the value of the enhancement depends on the dynamical mechanism of the break up, cf. [13,14]). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Hadron liquid with a small baryon chemical potential at finite temperature

Voskresensky¹

2004

Nuclear Physics A

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We discuss general properties of a system of heavy fermions (including antiparticles) interacting with rather light bosons. First, we consider one diagram of Φ. The fermion chemical potential is assumed to be small, µ f < ∼ T . Already for the low temperature, T ≪ min(T bl.f , m b ), the fermion mass shell proves to be partially blurred due to multiple fermion rescatterings on virtual bosons, m b is the boson mass, T bl.f (≪ m f ) is the typical temperature corresponding to a complete blurring of the gap between fermion-antifermion continua, m f is the fermion mass. As the result, the ratio of the number of fermion-antifermion pairs to the number provided by the ordinary Boltzmann distribution becomes larger than unity (is the effective boson mass, the abundance of all particles dramatically increases. Bosons behave as quasi-static impurities, on which heavy fermions undergo multiple rescatterings. The soft thermal loop approximation solves the problem. The effective fermion mass m * f (T ) decreases with the temperature increase. For T > ∼ T bl.f fermions are essentially relativistic particles. Due to the interaction of the boson with fermion-antifermion pairs, m * b (T ) decreases leading to the possibility of the "hot Bose condensation" for T > T cb . The phase transition might be of the second order or of the first order depending on the species under consideration. We study in detail properties of the system of spin 1/2 heavy fermions interacting with substantially lighter scalar neutral bosons (e.g., N σ system). Correlation effects of higher order diagrams of Φ are evaluated resulting in a suppression of vertices for T > ∼ m * b (T ). The abundance of high-lying baryon resonances proves to be of the same order, as the nucleon-antinucleon abundance, or might be even higher for some species. Further we discuss the system of heavy fermions interacting with more light vector bosons (e.g., N ω and N ρ) and then, with pseudo-scalar bosons (e.g., N π). For the fermion -vector boson system correlation effects are incorporated by keeping the Ward identity. In case of the fermion -pseudo-scalar boson system correlation effects are rather small. Finally, we allow for all interactions. We estimate R N ∼ 1.5 for T ∼ m π /2; T bl.f proves to be near T cb ; both values are in the vicinity of the pion mass m π .

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Section: Medium Modification Of Boson Excitations Hbcmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…[14]. The former regime might be relevant for heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC, whereas the latter one, for SIS energies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intensity Of Multiple Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hadron liquid with a small baryon chemical potential at finite temperature

Voskresensky¹

2004

Nuclear Physics A

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“…Refs. [32,31,90,91].) Similar to the other condensation phenomena discussed in the Introduction, pion condensation is a consequence of an instability which arises when attractive interactions make it energetically favorable to add pions to the system.…”

Section: Chiral Density Waves In Nuclear Mattermentioning

confidence: 97%

Inhomogeneous chiral condensates

Buballa

Carignano

2015

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

232

257

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The chiral condensate, which is constant in vacuum, may become spatially modulated at moderately high densities where in the traditional picture of the QCD phase diagram a first-order chiral phase transition occurs. We review the current status of this idea, which originally dates back to Migdal's pion condensation, but recently received new momentum through studies on the nature of the chiral critical point and by the conjecture of a quarkyonic-matter phase. We discuss how these nonuniform phases emerge in generalized Ginzburg-Landau analyses as well as in specific calculations, both within effective models and in Dyson-Schwinger or large-N c approaches to QCD. Questions about the most favored shape of the modulations and its dimension, and about the effects of nonzero isospin chemical potential, strange quarks, color superconductivity, and external magnetic fields on these inhomogeneous phases will be addressed as well.

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Bose-Einstein condensation and gauge symmetry breaking

Yukalov

2007

Laser Phys. Lett.

134

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The fundamental problem is analized, the relation between Bose-Einstein condensation and spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. This relation is largerly misunderstood in physics community. Numerous articles and books contain the statement that, though gauge symmetry breaking helps for describing Bose-Einstein condensation, but the latter, in principle, does not require any symmetry breaking. This, however, is not correct. The analysis is based on the known mathematical theorems. But in order not to overcomplicate the presentation and to make it accessible to all readers, technical details are often omitted here. The emphasis is made on the following basic general facts: Spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry is the necessary and sufficient condition for Bose-Einstein condensation. Condensate fluctuations, in thermodynamic limit, are negligible. Their catastrophic behavior can arise only as a result of incorrect calculations, when a Bose-condensed system is described without gauge symmetry breaking. It is crucially important to employ the representative statistical ensembles equipped with all conditions that are necessary for a unique and mathematically correct description of the given statistical system. Only then one is able to develop a self-consistent theory, free of paradoxes.Comment: Latex file, 29 page

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Pion degrees of freedom in nuclear matter

Cited by 307 publications

References 345 publications

Hadron liquid with a small baryon chemical potential at finite temperature

Hadron liquid with a small baryon chemical potential at finite temperature

Inhomogeneous chiral condensates

Bose-Einstein condensation and gauge symmetry breaking

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