Pioglitazone protects vein grafts from oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular dysfunction

Initiating and imaging cavitation from infused echo contrast agents through the EkoSonic catheter

“…As microbubbles oscillate in the vasculature, these effects can open endothelial tight junctions [12][13][14] , induce microstreaming 15 , and increase drug transport across the endothelium 16,17 . Pioglitazone (PGN), an anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to limit inflammation in vasculature [18][19][20] . Therapeutic delivery has been demonstrated in a porcine model with resultant atheroma stabilization using this strategy (Fig.…”