Pinus Pollen Cones from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia, Canada

Phipps, Carlie J.; Osborn, Jeffrey M.; Stockey, Ruth A.

doi:10.1086/297232

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Pinus baileyi falls well within the range of both species in cone length and width, scale length, height and width of the apophysis, and umbo position, differing primarily in being excentromucronate. Strobus (soft pines) (Miller, 1973;Stockey, 1984;Phipps et al, 1995). Because the Princeton Chert material rarely fractures along the outside surface of a plant organ, it is often not possible to directly compare the external morphology to compression material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the Princeton Chert material rarely fractures along the outside surface of a plant organ, it is often not possible to directly compare the external morphology to compression material. similkameenensis pine, in part, has been used to infer that the subgenera Pinus and Strobus had not yet diverged by the middle Eocene (Miller, 1973(Miller, , 1976Stockey, 1984;Phipps et al, 1995). Pinus princetonensis was also described as lacking a mucro, but this species is similar to P. baileyi in having some umbos that protrude (Stockey, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pinus (hard pines) and the fiveneedled fascicles of P. similkameenensis, that Miller referred to subgen. Strobus (soft pines) (Miller, 1973;Stockey, 1984;Phipps et al, 1995). However, this link is based only on association with no organic connection, and as pointed out by Stockey (1984), alternative connections can be made between the Princeton chert cones and leaves, which should not be dismissed until definitive attachments are found (see Stockey, 1984, p. 273).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pinus baileyi (section Pinus, Pinaceae) from the Paleogene of Idaho, USA

Erwin

Schorn

2006

American J of Botany

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Pinus baileyi from the Paleogene of Idaho was initially related to the bristlecone pine P. longaeva (subgen. Strobus, sect. Parrya, subsect. Balfourianae) from western North America. Unlike the centromucronate condition in P. longaeva, P. baileyi cones have raised umbos that are excentromucronate, i.e., the mucro positioned in the upper umbo field above the keel. Cone size and scale morphology shows that P. baileyi more closely resembles excentromucronate pines of subsects. Halepenses and Pinus sensu Gernandt et al. (2005, Taxon 54: 29-42), but is most similar to P. resinosa, P. kesiya, and P. massoniana of subsect. Pinus. Morphologically, P. baileyi resembles the fossil species P. princetonensis and P. arnoldii from the Eocene Princeton Chert, British Columbia, Canada. Pinus baileyi extends the western North American range of ovulate cones resembling subsect. Pinus from the middle Eocene of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA to the Oligocene of Idaho, USA. Pinus baileyi, and possibly P. princetonensis and P. arnoldii, indicates the presence of early populations of subsect. Pinus-type pines in the western cordillera of North America, raising the possibility that P. resinosa and P. tropicalis may have evolved from this group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pinus baileyi (section Pinus, Pinaceae) from the Paleogene of Idaho, USA

Erwin

Schorn

2006

American J of Botany

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“…Conifers include Metasequoia milleri, for which stems, leaves, seed, and pollen cones are known (Rothwell and Basinger 1979;Basinger 1981Basinger , 1984 and several species of Pinus, based on leaves, seed cones, and seeds (Miller 1973;Stockey 1984;Phipps et al 1995). Pinus arnoldii has been reconstructed as a "whole plant" (Klymiuk et al 2011).…”

Section: The Princeton Chertmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA

et al. 2016

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“…Pollen cone morphology in most groups of fossil conifers is less well known than either vegetative or ovulate morphology, perhaps reflecting both taphonomic bias (Miller, 1992;Phipps et al, 1995;Hermsen et al, 2007) and poor preservation. Pollen cones from Jurassic and Cretaceous conifers in particular are often poorly preserved or known only from compression fossils (e.g., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1971;Harris, 1979;Yao et al, 1998;Del Fueyo & Archangelsky, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%