Pink Tide: The Struggle of Venezuela and Bolivia for Social Sustainability

Abstract

Since Latin America's transition to neoliberalism in the 1980s, the state has been directed to support privatization and implement structural adjustment to integrate the national economy into the global market. The neoliberal model dominated Latin America for a decade, but in the late 1990s, the community support to neoliberal platform declined due to the increase of social inequality and poverty of the middle class, working-class and indigenous population. Resistance starts in Venezuela then spread to Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador and other Latin American countries known as the "Pink Tide". In the pink tide framework, countries are directed to redistribute the state wealth to low-income families so that the sustainability of society can be maintained. Governments implements such kind of policy is categorized as state left.