Pinhole SPECT of mice using the LumaGEM gamma camera

MacDonald, L.R.; Patt, Bradley E.; Iwanczyk, Jan S.; Tsui, B.M.W.; Wang, Yuchuan; Frey, Eric; Wessell, Daniel E.; Acton, Paul D.; Kung, Hank F.

doi:10.1109/23.940171

Cited by 90 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another example is that high spatial resolution small animal SPECT can be accomplished with standard clinical scintillation detector heads by substituting a special high-resolution multi-pinhole insert for a standard clinical collimator [19,20]. However, special miniscule discrete crystal arrays are most common for small animal SPECT system detector designs [21,22].…”

Section: Instrumentation To Detect Single Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primer on molecular imaging technology

Levin

2005

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

109

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Abstract. A wide range of technologies is available for in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro molecular and cellular imaging. This article focuses on three key in vivo imaging system instrumentation technologies used in the molecular imaging research described in this special issue of Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging: positron emission tomography, singlephoton emission computed tomography, and bioluminescence imaging. For each modality, the basics of how it works, important performance parameters, and the state-ofthe-art instrumentation are described. Comparisons and integration of multiple modalities are also discussed. The principles discussed in this article apply to both human and small animal imaging.

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Section: Instrumentation To Detect Single Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primer on molecular imaging technology

Levin

2005

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

109

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“…Although early small-animal SPECT systems were implemented with clinical scintillation cameras, it is not surprising that imaging detectors have been developed and implemented specifically for small-animal SPECT. Newer dedicated systems for small-animal SPECT have implemented position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes and either segmented or continuous scintillation crystals and increased detector areas for greater magnification (92)(93)(94)(95). Scintillation cameras with position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes require careful calibration to achieve good spatial uniformity and to correct their inherent pincushion distortion (similar to the calibration needed for block detector readout in PET).…”

Section: Advances In System Design and Instrumentation Detector Technmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Animal SPECT and SPECT/CT: Important Tools for Preclinical Investigation

Franc¹,

Acton²,

Marì³

et al. 2008

J Nucl Med

206

122

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The need to study dynamic biologic processes in intact smallanimal models of disease has stimulated the development of highresolution nuclear imaging methods. These methods are capable of clarifying molecular interactions important in the onset and progression of disease, assessing the biologic relevance of drug candidates and potential imaging agents, and monitoring therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceuticals serially within a single-model system. Single-photon-emitting radionuclides have many advantages in these applications, and SPECT can provide 3-dimensional spatial distributions of g-(and x-) ray-emitting radionuclide imaging agents or therapeutics. Furthermore, combining SPECT with CT in a SPECT/CT system can assist in defining the anatomic context of biochemical processes and improve the quantitative accuracy of the SPECT data. Over the past decade, dedicated small-animal SPECT and SPECT/CT systems have been developed in academia and industry. Although significant progress in this arena has been realized through system development and biologic application, further innovation continues to address challenges in camera sensitivity, spatial resolution, and image reconstruction and quantification. The innumerable applications of small-animal SPECT and SPECT/CT in drug development, cardiology, neurology, and oncology are stimulating further investment in education, research, and development of these dedicated small-animal imaging modalities. Rapi dly evolving knowledge of molecular biology has stimulated exploration of novel therapies targeting specific points in molecular pathways associated with cardiac disease, neurologic disorders, cancer, and many other pathologic processes. However, identifying the role of a molecule in a disease process modeled in vitro does not necessarily translate to an understanding of its interactions with other molecular processes in vivo. On the other hand, few of all disease processes can be fully studied in human patients because of logistical and ethical concerns. Small-animal models represent a critical bridge between discoveries at the molecular level and implementation of clinically relevant diagnostics or therapeutics. Emphasis is ever increasing that these models accurately recapitulate both the disease itself and the environment in which the key molecular processes take place. For example, xenograft mouse models of cancer are simple to develop but are not considered particularly useful in understanding molecular interactions involved in carcinogenesis. More sophisticated approaches, such as transgenic models using oncogene activation or tumor suppressor inactivation, have evolved to the point at which cancers may be induced in a spatially and temporally defined manner using deletion of specified genetic sequences with Cre recombinase (1,2). Sophisticated infrastructures have been developed to manage data related to small-animal models of disease and provide greater access to various mouse models for all investigators, exemplified by the Mouse Models of Human Cancer Cons...

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“…Representative planar dual-modality images acquired on one of the systems mentioned above obtained from a 250-g rat injected with 99m Tc-MDP are shown in Figure 12, demonstrating radiopharmaceutical uptake in the bone superimposed with an anatomical x-ray image of the rat. 133,142 Gamma Medica 2 Inc. (Northridge, CA) has developed and introduced a small animal SPECT/CT system 137,138 with two compact scintillation cameras 126,143,144 and a high-resolution CT subsystem 138 for dual-modality Figure 11. Top: schematic diagram of the experimental set-up.…”

Section: Small-animal Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…111,112,[118][119][120] These include microCT systems 118,[121][122][123] that incorporate a low power X-ray tube and a phosphor-coupled CCD camera or similar two-dimensional x-ray imaging detector to achieve spatial resolutions as high as 25 microns or better. Similarly, high-resolution images can be obtained using microPET scanners 111,119 having high-resolution detectors operated in coincidence to obtain spatial resolutions in the range of 1 to 2 mm, whereas SPECT imaging of mice [124][125][126][127][128][129] can be performed using pinhole collimation to obtain spatial resolutions better than 1 millimetre. In general, these imaging systems provide characteristics similar to those used for clinical imaging of humans.…”

Section: Small-animal Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%