Pinhole Glasses

Colicchia, Giuseppe; Hopf, Martin; Wiesner, Henning; Zollman, Dean

doi:10.1119/1.2823996

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…(1995) also used dark sun glasses as a control for their estimated 94% attenuation of incident light by pinholes and similarly concluded that “the effect of the pinhole arrays was not due to light attenuation” (p. 191). Multiple pinhole glasses can also result in two or more images of each point when pupils are dilated by more than the separation between pinholes ( Colicchia, Hopf, Wiesner, & Zollman, 2008 ) which could also have disrupted depth processing. Again this possibility cannot be entirely ruled out but no participant complained of double vision during the experiment, and the effect is normally eliminated by a small change in view.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinhole Viewing Strengthens the Hollow-Face Illusion

Koessler

Hill

2015

i-Perception

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A hollow (concave) mask appears convex when viewed from beyond a certain distance even when viewed stereoscopically—this is the hollow-face illusion. At close viewing distances, the same mask is seen as hollow even when disparity information is eliminated by monocular viewing. A potential source of nonpictorial, monocular information that favors a veridical percept at close distances is accommodation in conjunction with focus blur. In this article, we used pinhole viewing to minimize this potential source of information and test whether it affects whether a hollow mask is seen as veridical (concave) or illusory (convex). Since monocular viewing also facilitates the illusory (convex) percept, it was included in the design both as a comparison and to test whether any effect of accommodation depends on vergence. Pinhole viewing was found favor the illusory percept, and its effect was at least as large as, and added to, that of monocular viewing. A control experiment using tinted glasses that attenuate illumination at least as much as the pinholes did not strengthen the illusion ruling out explanations in terms of reduced luminance. For pinhole viewing, there was no difference between monocular and binocular conditions. The results are interpreted as evidence that focus driven depth information affects perceived three-dimensional shape at close distances even when other sources of depth information are available. The lack of a difference between monocular and binocular pinhole viewing suggests that, by disrupting accommodation, pinholes may also interfere with linked vergence cues to depth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinhole Viewing Strengthens the Hollow-Face Illusion

Koessler

Hill

2015

i-Perception

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“…In models with a pinhole aperture, all focus defects become less noticeable in bright light. 5 This effect is similar to an eye with the pupil closing to a pinhole in which the depth of field will be enhanced, and the blurredness of image is reduced without improving focusing.…”

Section: Images Of Bright Objectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Model of the Human Eye

Colicchia¹,

Wiesner²,

Waltner³

et al. 2008

The Physics Teacher

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“…Although several review articles have been published in a similar topic recently, these considered only contact lenses and IOLs. 11,[23][24][25][26]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 A pinhole, say of 1-mm diameter, placed close to the eye will reduce the width of the bundle of rays entering the eye from each object point and reduce the area of retinal blur, thus improving vision. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Diffraction starts to seriously adversely affect image quality as pupil size decreases, and there may be no benefit in smaller pupil sizes such as 0.75 mm and 0.5 mm. 6 There is also a decrease in the retinal illumination that may affect vision adversely in lowillumination environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of the pinhole effect in clinical vision science

Kanclerz,

Khoramnia,

Atchison

2024

J Cataract Refract Surg

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The pinhole effect is commonly used to discriminate uncorrected refractive error from ocular diseases. A small aperture limits the width of light beams entering the eye, thus increasing the depth of focus. The pinhole effect has also been used in spectacles, contact lenses, corneal inlays, and intraocular lenses (IOLs) to improve reading by compensating for loss of accommodative function. Pinhole spectacles improve near visual acuity, but reduce reading speed, increase interblink interval, and decrease tear break-up time. For contact lenses and IOLs, pinhole devices are usually used in the nondominant eye, which allow compensation of various refractive errors and decrease spectacle dependence. Pinhole corneal inlays are implanted during laser in situ keratomileusis or as a separate procedure. Pinhole IOLs are gaining popularity, particularly as they do not bring a risk of a local inflammatory reaction as corneal inlays do. Disadvantages of using the pinhole effect include high susceptibility to decentration, decrease in retinal luminance levels, and difficulties in performing fundus examinations or surgery in eyes with implanted devices. There are also concerns regarding perceptive issues with different retinal illuminances in the 2 eyes (the Pulfrich effect).

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Pinhole Glasses

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Pinhole Viewing Strengthens the Hollow-Face Illusion

Pinhole Viewing Strengthens the Hollow-Face Illusion

A Model of the Human Eye

Applications of the pinhole effect in clinical vision science

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