“…Machine learning classification algorithms are a reliable approach for recognizing basic human motions. The authors of related studies have recommended various expert machine learning models for table tennis observations, such as the k-nearest neighbor algorithm [ 20 , 21 ], support-vector machines (SVMs) [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 24 ], neural networks [ 17 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 25 ], or Long Short-Term Memory deep learning methods [ 26 ], all of which can achieve a sufficient level of accuracy for recognizing and classifying table tennis strokes. Because of their excellent nonlinear mapping and learning capabilities, neural networks can fully link information into network nodes and create a network mod-el with which to produce an effective prediction model.…”