Pineapple Drying Using a New Solar Hybrid Dryer

Gudiño-Ayala, David; Calderón-Topete, Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.155

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Energies 2019, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 18 mixed mode [53] or hybrid [54] dryers, where both direct and indirect solar radiation is in effect or different hot media are used instead of air, respectively.…”

Section: Circular Economy Strategy For Pineapple Processing In Togomentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Convective Solar Drying Process of Pineapples as Part of Circular Economy Strategy

et al. 2019

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This study investigates the industrial-scale application of a simple convective solar drying process of pineapples as part of a circular economy strategy for developing countries. A renewable energy concept is presented, which follows the circular economy aims by effectively employing a simple system for biogas production and a two-stage drying system. Both these systems meet the requirements for implementation in the specific conditions of developing countries, of which Togo, where pineapple is a major crop, is taken as an example. With respect to earlier findings available in the literature, the paper focuses on the solar drying process, which is critical to the proposed strategy. A portable solar dryer working in indirect heating mode was built and later also modified to enhance its performance. Three main factors influencing the convective drying process, namely, drying time (270 min, 480 min), solar radiation intensity (650 W/m 2 , 1100 W/m 2 ), and slice thickness (6-8 mm, 12-14 mm), were considered. The statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) method was applied to reduce the number and scope of experiments. In the best case, the moisture content was reduced from 87.3 wt % in fresh samples to 29.4 wt % in dried samples, which did not meet the quality requirements for dried fruit. An additional conventional post-solar drying procedure would, therefore, still be necessary. Nonetheless, the results show that in the case of pineapple drying the consumption of fossil fuels can be decreased significantly if convective solar pre-drying is employed.Energies 2019, 12, 2841 2 of 18 the most common are dried fruit and juice, usually in organic quality, which are exported primarily to European countries. The processing itself takes place in various decentralized small-and medium-sized enterprises. As described in [3], a typical such enterprise processes 1-2 t/d of fresh fruit, while the resulting pineapple waste (peels, cores, stems, and crowns) is about 40% of this amount. Other sources give even higher figures up to 75% [4]. The waste, together with discarded fruits with high moisture content and various other farm production wastes (cow dung, etc.) can be efficiently utilized for energy recovery via biogas production, and the resulting sludge can be used as fertilizer. While sophisticated biogas production technologies are employed in the developed countries, the technologies in developing countries must be tailored to the local conditions. Both the adaptation of European biogas production technologies to the specific requirements of pineapple waste processing in Togo and the corresponding experimental results were discussed by the authors of the present paper in [3]. Key Role of the Drying ProcessDrying-that is, a continuous or intermittent process associated with heat and mass transfer-significantly influences the shelf life, appearance, composition, taste, shape, structure, and other characteristics of the product. With respect to the fact that this process is probably the most energy-intensive one in the food pr...

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Section: Circular Economy Strategy For Pineapple Processing In Togomentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Convective Solar Drying Process of Pineapples as Part of Circular Economy Strategy

et al. 2019

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“…An additional heat source can be incorporated into a solar dryer to reduce the dependency of the drying process on solar radiation; such a solar dryer is commonly referred to as a hybrid solar dryer. The incorporation of an energy source that is not dependent on the weather (e.g., biomass, electricity, or liquefied petroleum gas) allows a continuous process that can be performed during bad weather or at night (Gudiño-Ayala & Calderón-Topete, 2014). Several researchers investigating the application of hybrid solar dryers on various crops, such as mushrooms (Reyes et al, 2014), chamomile (Amer et al, 2018), mint (Eltawil et al, 2018), and maize (Bosomtwe et al, 2019), have observed that the usage of a hybrid solar dryer improves the drying process when compared with a normal solar dryer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy–exergy analysis and mathematical modeling of cassava starch drying using a hybrid solar dryer

2020

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In this study, we aimed to energetically and exergetically evaluate the usage of a hybrid solar dryer system for cassava drying via a series of drying experiments. The experiments were performed beginning at 10.00 A.M. (hereafter, in local time) until the moisture content of cassava starch became constant at a value less than 14% on a wet basis at drying temperatures of 40°C to 60°C and drying times of 180-240 min. The results demonstrated that the highest overall dryer energetic efficiency was 20.82%, which was achieved at a drying temperature at 60°C, and that the maximum energetic efficiency of 27% was recorded at 11.00 A.M. The exergy flows fluctuated during the drying process and were dependent on the solar radiation and drying conditions; however, the exergetic efficiency of the dryer was 25.1%-73.8%. Comparison of the fitting models denoted that the Page model was the most suitable model for describing the experimental drying performances. The calculated effective diffusivity constant (D eff ) and the activation energy (E a ) during the drying process from 50°C to 60°C were 3•× 10 −10 m 2 /s and 15.3 kJ/mole, respectively.

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“…To solve this problem, an additional heat source is equipped to the solar dryer, thereby enabling operation regardless of the weather conditions. These dryers are called hybrid solar dryers due to the implementation of solar energy and conventional energy sources (Gudiño-Ayala & Calderón-Topete, 2014). Various types of hybrid solar dryers have been developed for many agricultural products, such as solar biomass hybrid dryer for maize (Bosomtwe et al, 2019) and gas-fired hybrid solar dryer for onion and ginger (Anum, Ghafoor, & Munir, 2017).…”

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Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying

Suherman

Utami

Ningrum

2020

J Food Process Engineering

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Sugar palm is an abundant palm in Indonesia and widely used for various foods, one of which is vermicelli. During vermicelli production, local farmers still implement open‐sun drying, which reduces the quality of vermicelli, requires long periods of time, and cannot be performed during poor weather. Therefore, in this study, a new method of vermicelli drying is introduced using a hybrid solar dryer, which consists of a solar dryer and an additional heater powered by liquefied natural gas. Hybrid solar drying is conducted at 40, 60, 80, and 100°C. With 2 hr of drying time, the final moisture contents of vermicelli dried using hybrid solar dryer have satisfy the standard limit, while the open‐sun drying and natural solar drying do not, indicating that hybrid solar drying is faster and more effective. Vermicelli drying occurs at the falling‐rate period and increasing drying temperature from 40 to 100°C increases dryer efficiency, energy utilization ratio, and exergy efficiency, from 13.02 to 17.02%, from 0.18 to 0.32, and from 67.4 to 83.6%, respectively. Although the overall quality of dried vermicelli is acceptable, increasing drying temperature from 40 to 100°C result in the damaged vermicelli surface as evident from SEM analysis and degradation of vermicelli whiteness value from 87.2 to 82.5. Practical applications The drying process is playing an important role in heat sensitive products dehydration. The present study provides an investigation of potential use of solar energy for drying of vermicelli which combine with the natural gas heating process. The results show that hybrid drying system could enhance the product quality of vermicelli and also reduce the drying process. During drying, proximate components of vermicelli essentially do not change but it alters the color of product.

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Pineapple Drying Using a New Solar Hybrid Dryer

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Indirect Convective Solar Drying Process of Pineapples as Part of Circular Economy Strategy

Indirect Convective Solar Drying Process of Pineapples as Part of Circular Economy Strategy

Energy–exergy analysis and mathematical modeling of cassava starch drying using a hybrid solar dryer

Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying

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