Pineal Gland Tumors: A Review

Favero, Gaia; Bonomini, Francesca; Rezzani, Rita

doi:10.3390/cancers13071547

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The gland comprises 2 cell types: (1) pinealocytes, which produce primarily the hormone melatonin; and (2) neuroglial cells, which resemble astrocytes and serve as supporting cells. Hence, both types of cells can become neoplastic as well as any residual germ cells or cells of surrounding tissue can form neoplasm [ 6 ]. Pineal tumors are rare in adults, accounting for 0.5% of all intracranial tumors compared to 1% in adults aged 20-34 years and 2.7% in children 1-12 years [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed germ cell tumor of the pineal gland in a pediatric patient

Kabashi

Ahmetgjekaj

Harizi

et al. 2022

Radiology Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed germ cell tumor of the pineal gland in a pediatric patient

Kabashi

Ahmetgjekaj

Harizi

et al. 2022

Radiology Case Reports

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“…The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland responsible for melatonin production and release into the bloodstream [ 11 ]. Tumors in the pineal region are fairly rare, accounting for less than 1% of primary intracranial neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pineal region teratoma with metastases in uncommon locations: a case report

et al. 2022

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Background We report a rare case in medical literature of a patient with pineal gland teratoma and uncommon metastases. Usually, metastases of this kind of tumor are located in several organs such as lung and breast, but here we found metastases to the spinal cord and vertebrae. Case presentation A 35-year-old Asian white man presented with diplopia and acute neural symptoms in the lower limbs such as numbness, tingling, and paralysis. His medical history was notable for pineal teratoma, treated 1 year previously with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Physical examination of the lower limbs showed absent reflexes and sensation with muscle power scale score of 1 in both limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and spine revealed many lesions in various locations, most compatible with neural, spinal, and vertebral metastases. Unfortunately, the patient died suddenly before any intervention was carried out. Conclusion It is extremely rare for pineal region teratoma to metastasize to the spinal cord and vertebrae, thus more vigilant observation and examination should be provided to patients with pineal teratoma to detect any new lesions and prevent them from becoming dangerous.

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“…ey cause symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus, as well as endocrine abnormalities and parinaud syndrome. [3] An external ventricular drain (EVD) is usually placed at the end of the procedure as a precautionary measure. [15] Complications of EVDs include bleeding (0-40%), catheter misplacement (30%), and infection (30%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple lessons learned from a single case: Complications from pineal germinoma management

Al-Saiari

Asiri

Farag

et al. 2022

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: Pineal tumors are uncommon tumors that affect <1% of adults, with 50% of them being germinomas. A combination of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and tumor biopsy is usually used. Cerebral vasospasm in association with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been extensively studied. However, at least according to the research, this is not the case in intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) cases. We present a case with two distinct findings: (1) an unexpected large IVH following the removal of an external ventricular drain (EVD) in a patient who had undergone ETV and tumor biopsy, resulting in severe clinical vasospasm and (2) incidental pineal region germinoma regression on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without any prior adjuvant chemoradiation to explain such regression. Case Description: The authors describe an 18-year-old male patient who had a routine, uneventful combined ETV and tumor biopsy, as well as the placement of an EVD. Histopathological examination revealed germinoma. His postoperative course was complicated by IVH after EVD removal, which resulted in clinical vasospasm. Without any prior adjuvant chemoradiation, follow-up MRI of the b rain revealed a significant reduction in the size of the germinoma as well as reconstitution of the patency of the previously obstructed aqueduct of Sylvius. Conclusion: The take-home message from this case is that in the case of postoperative clinical deterioration in a patient with concurrent IVH and ETV, a high index of suspicion for vasospasm is required, as this may allow a significant amount of blood to pass down to the basal cisterns. Early detection and management of clinical vasospasm are critical for a better neurological outcome. Furthermore, unexpected tumor size changes can occur due to a variety of factors, so recent preoperative MRI of the brain should be obtained in the lead-up to surgery, and postoperative computed tomography should be used sparingly to avoid radiation-related tumor changes.

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Pineal Gland Tumors: A Review

Cited by 50 publications

References 122 publications

Mixed germ cell tumor of the pineal gland in a pediatric patient

Mixed germ cell tumor of the pineal gland in a pediatric patient

Pineal region teratoma with metastases in uncommon locations: a case report

Multiple lessons learned from a single case: Complications from pineal germinoma management

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