Pineal control of immune status and hematological changes in blood and bone marrow of male squirrels (Funambulus pennanti) during their reproductively active phase

Rai, Seema; Haldar, Chandana

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2003.10.008

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the previous reports which indicated that administration of melatonin increased the total leukocytic count and lymphocyte percentage in broiler chicks (Abozahra et al, 1998), rats (Anwar et al, 1998), immature chicks (Bernan et al (2002) and squirrels (Rai et al, 2009). In a previous study Rai and Haldar (2003) reported that daily subcutaneous injection of melatonin at 1730 to 1800 h significantly increased the lymphocyte count of blood in adult male squirrels, while pinealectomy decreased total leukocyte count and percent lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The precise mechanism responsible for this melatonin-induced increase in total leukocytic count and lymphocyte percentage is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Also Moore and Siopes (2002) found that melatonin administration accelerated the development of cell mediated and humoral immune response in turkeys through increasing the bursal weight. Melatonin treatment of pineaectomized squirrels resulted in restoration of immune parameters in line with normal control level (Haldar et al, 2001 andHaldar, 2003). Arlet and Hewison (2004) stated that melatonin acts as immunostimulant in squirrel when tested in vivo as well as in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors suggested that melatonin is immune-enhancing for tropical squirrel and plays an important role in the maintenance of immunity. Moreover, Rai and Haldar (2003) reported that daily subcutaneous injection of melatonin (25 microg/100 g body mass) at 17.30-18.00 h to adult squirrels for 60 consecutive days significantly increased the lymphocyte count of blood and bone marrow and blastogenic response/percent stimulation ratio of spleen and thymus. The previous authors further added that in pinealectomized spuirrels, decreased total leukocyte count and percent lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and bone marrow, along with the decreased cell density in spleen and thymus was observed histologically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Melatonin on Some Hematological Parameters and Immune Status of Broiler Chicks

Ahmed¹,

Essawy²,

Salem³

et al. 2011

JAS

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Melatonin, the pineal gland hormone, has been shown to play a principle role in maintenance of health and well being of man and animals in all stages of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on some hematological parameters and immune status of broiler chicks. For this purpose sixty-four, three weeks-old chicks of Hubbard strain weighing 500-633g were used. Birds were kept on lighting regimen of 12 hours natural light to 12 hours darkness. Chicks were randomly allocated into four equal groups of 16 birds each. The first group was kept as a control group and fed starter ration sprayed with ethanol saline without melatonin from the 4 th to 8 th weeks of age. The second, third and fourth groups were fed on the starter ration sprayed with ethanol saline containing 20, 30 and 40 mg melatonin / kg ration, respectively from the 4 th to 8 th weeks of age. Blood samples were obtained from the tibial vein of all birds at the end of the 1 st week of treatment and then every week up to the end of the experiment. The obtained blood were used for determination of red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) as well as total and differential leukocytic count. Tissue samples from liver, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricious were taken for histopathological examination. The results revealed that melatonin in the three doses produced a significant increase in RBCs count, PCV, Hb concentration, total leukocytic count and lymphocyte percentage which clarifies the effect of melatonin on improving the health and immune status of the chicks under investigation. The histopathological study in the present investigation revealed that melatonin treatment induced a lymphoid hyperplasia in the liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricious of all treated groups. This lymphoid hyperplasia might be another explanations for the immunostimulant effect of melatonin. In conclusion melatonin was found to improve the health and immune status of broiler chicks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Melatonin on Some Hematological Parameters and Immune Status of Broiler Chicks

Ahmed¹,

Essawy²,

Salem³

et al. 2011

JAS

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“…MEL affects the immune system via immunoproliferation in lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen) and lymph nodes [32]. Rai and Haldar [33] observed low levels of total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts both in peripheral blood and bone marrow in Px squirrels, and they also detected decreased numbers of lymphocytes in thymus and spleen. Following removal of pineal gland, the plasma levels of zinc, the number of peripheral T lymphocytes, and cytotoxic activity of NK cells were significantly decreased and pharmacological dose of exogenous MEL restored all of these hematological parameters beyond normal levels [15,16,17, 33, 34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rai and Haldar [33] observed low levels of total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts both in peripheral blood and bone marrow in Px squirrels, and they also detected decreased numbers of lymphocytes in thymus and spleen. Following removal of pineal gland, the plasma levels of zinc, the number of peripheral T lymphocytes, and cytotoxic activity of NK cells were significantly decreased and pharmacological dose of exogenous MEL restored all of these hematological parameters beyond normal levels [15,16,17, 33, 34]. On the other hand, zinc seems to have a pivotal role in the MEL effect on the immune system, since an involvement of the zinc pool in the immune-reconstituting effect of MEL in mice has been shown [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melatonin and Zinc on the Immune Response in Experimental <i>Toxoplasma</i> Retinochoroiditis

Avunduk

Avunduk²,

Baltacı

et al. 2007

Ophthalmologica

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Objectives: To investigate the possible effect of melatonin (MEL) and zinc on the immune response to Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis in the rat model of infection and to establish the possible value of artificial MEL and/or zinc supplementation as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of T. gondii retinochoroiditis. Methods: Eighty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 12 equal groups. All groups, except controls were infected with T. gondii parasite by intraperitoneal injection. Combinations of zinc-deficient diet, pinealectomy (Px), and artificial zinc and MEL were supplied during a 1-month period. At the end of the experiment, retinal and choroidal total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell numbers were counted in histological sections. Results: The highest amount of cellular infiltration (lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells) in the choroid and retina was detected in infected + MEL + zinc-treated rats, and the least amount of cellular infiltration was observed in Px + zinc-deficient diet-treated rats. Although single zinc or MEL supplementation had no significant impact on the cellular infiltration in the retina and choroid in Px rats, combined therapy significantly improved these responses. Conclusion: Artificial supplementation of MEL and zinc should be considered as an adjunctive therapy to classic treatment of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis especially in immunosuppressed and elderly patients if our data are confirmed in a clinical setting.

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Comparative effect of melatonin and vitamin E on phenylhydrazine‐induced toxicity in the spleen of Funambulus pennanti

Sharma

Haldar

2008

Environmental Toxicology

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Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) oxidation resulting in free iron release followed by free radical generation has increased frequency of cancer. This study aims towards the dose-dependent response of PHZ and the role of melatonin in comparison with vitamin E following PHZ-induced toxicity within the lymphoid tissue (spleen) of Indian tropical seasonal breeder, Funambulus pennanti, during reproductively active phase. An increase in the damages in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO), apoptosis percentage, and splenomegaly was observed following different doses of PHZ treatment, i.e., 0.025, 0.5, and 1 mg/100 g body weight (b.wt.), where dose of 1 mg/100 g b.wt. showed more significant damages. Both melatonin (0.5 mg/100 g b.wt.) and vitamin E (1 mg/100 g b.wt.) administration ameliorated oxidative damages of 1 mg/100 g b.wt. PHZ-treated group. Melatonin altered PHZ-induced responses significantly to a greater degree than vitamin E as evidenced by LPO status, SOD activity, and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity of antioxidants. Thus, melatonin might be able to restrict carcinogenic property of PHZ-induced oxidative stress by protecting macromolecules of the cell from harmful effects of PHZ and instead preserving cell viability. # 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 1-9, 2009.

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Pineal control of immune status and hematological changes in blood and bone marrow of male squirrels (Funambulus pennanti) during their reproductively active phase

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Melatonin on Some Hematological Parameters and Immune Status of Broiler Chicks

Effect of Melatonin on Some Hematological Parameters and Immune Status of Broiler Chicks

Effect of Melatonin and Zinc on the Immune Response in Experimental <i>Toxoplasma</i> Retinochoroiditis

Comparative effect of melatonin and vitamin E on phenylhydrazine‐induced toxicity in the spleen of Funambulus pennanti

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