Pine volatiles and terpenoid compounds attractive to European xylophagous species, vectors of Bursaphelenchus spp. nematodes

Francardi, Valeria; Silva, J. de; Pennacchio, F.; Roversi, Pio Federico

doi:10.1007/s12600-009-0038-3

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Actual means and standard errors are shown in the histogram. Differences among treatment means were assessed after ANOVA on transformed data, which removed variability among replicates pinene Ibeas et al 2007;Francardi et al 2009). Attempts to simplify or improve the response to this mixture by removing the host volatile or replacing it with verbenone showed that the host monoterpene should be included in any operative kairomonal lure to maximize attraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous experiments have demonstrated that the response by M. galloprovincialis to host monoterpenes alone is very low Ibeas et al 2007), but we have shown that it is increased by almost two orders of magnitude when bark beetle semiochemicals and the male pheromone also are released. Ipsenol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, and α-pinene are well-established compounds, currently used for operational monitoring of bark beetles and other xylophagous insects (e.g., Francardi et al 2009). 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol is relatively easy to synthesize and can be conveniently dispensed from polyethylene vials or sachets for long periods in the field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous experience has shown that M. galloprovincialis are not caught in unbaited traps (Pajares, unpublished;Francardi et al 2009). Thus, no unbaited controls were included in the experiments in order to avoid having treatments with zero mean and variance (Reeve and Strom 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Both males and females of M. galloprovincialis are attracted by blends of pine volatiles and compounds used as pheromone components by Ips species bark beetles Francardi et al 2009), and a kairomonal lure composed of α-pinene, ipsenol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol has been developed for use in monitoring operations (Ibeas et al 2007). Presumably, both sexes are brought together on the host plant by these kairomones, and this is followed by copulation and oviposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Field Activity of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis

et al. 2010

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The pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis, is a pest of pine trees in Europe and North Africa. Previously considered a secondary pest of stressed and dying trees, it is now receiving considerable attention as a vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of a lethal wilting disease in susceptible species of pines. Adult beetles are attracted to traps baited with a kairomone blend consisting of a host volatile, alpha-pinene, and two bark beetle pheromone components, ipsenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. More recently it has been shown that mature male M. galloprovincialis produce a pheromone that attracts mature females in a laboratory bioassay. Here, volatiles were collected from mature male and female M. galloprovincialis, and a compound produced specifically by mature males was identified as 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol from its gas chromatographic retention times, its mass spectrum, and by comparison with synthetic standards. The naturally-derived and synthetic compounds elicited electroantennographic responses from both females and males. Sealed polyethylene vials and polyethylene sachets were shown to be effective dispensers with zero-order release, the latter giving a higher release rate than the former. In two field tests, multiple-funnel traps baited with synthetic 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol caught both female and male M. galloprovincialis, with higher catches at the higher release rate. This compound also synergized the attractiveness of the kairomone blend, the combined mixture catching 80-140% more beetles than the sum of the catches to each bait separately and luring up to two beetles/trap/d in a moderate-density population. We conclude that 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol is a male-produced aggregation pheromone of M. galloprovincialis. This is the first example of a sex-specific compound in the cerambycid subfamily Lamiinae with significant behavioral activity in the field at a range sufficient to make it a useful trap bait. The possible roles of this pheromone in the chemical ecology of M. galloprovincialis and its potential use in pine wilt disease management are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Field Activity of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis

et al. 2010

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“…Females were attracted to volatile compounds produced by male beetles, but male beetles surprisingly did not respond to volatiles produced by females (Ibeas et al 2008). Some authors (Pajeras et al 2004;Ibeas et al 2007) advised the use of a blend of kairomenes for monitoring or mass trapping of M. galloprovincialis, and Francardi et al (2009) suggested a blend composed of a-pinene, ethanol, ipsenol, ipsdienol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol as very effective in trapping several cerambycids including M. galloprovincialis. Some authors (Pajeras et al 2004;Ibeas et al 2007) advised the use of a blend of kairomenes for monitoring or mass trapping of M. galloprovincialis, and Francardi et al (2009) suggested a blend composed of a-pinene, ethanol, ipsenol, ipsdienol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol as very effective in trapping several cerambycids including M. galloprovincialis.…”

Section: European Monochamus Species 41 Monochamus Galloprovincialismentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species

2011

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Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle 1970, is a serious threat to susceptible pine forests of the world. The PWN is primarily vectored by Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The first occurrence of PWD was reported from Japan in the early 1900s. Following this report, Japanese scientists documented the community of barkand phloem-inhabiting insects associated with the nematodes in dying trees to determine possible vectors of the nematode. Monochamus alternatus was reported to be the most effective vector in Japan. The primary vector in North America is Monochamus carolinensis, and in Europe, it is Monochamus galloprovincialis. Further studies have been expanded through the nematode-invaded countries of Korea, Taiwan, China and Portugal. There is an interspecific association between the PWN and its insect vectors, and it is an obligatory component of the disease cycle. It is crucial to understand this relationship as well as the population ecology of the beetle to aid in monitoring and control of this worldwide threat to pine forests. Studies to date indicate a remarkable similarity among beetle species around the globe for a variety of lifehistory traits, including lifespan, adult emergence numbers, flight capability, nematode transmission rates and attraction to pine volatiles. Wherever pines are found, there is a beetle species capable of transmitting the nematode. Although flight performance and range is generally poor for this group of beetle vectors, the cryptic nature of the species and the lack of interest in the beetles by countries in the absence of the nematode have led to the disease establishing a foothold in a variety of countries such as Portugal. In this paper, studies conducted in different countries on Monochamus vector species of the PWN are compared and discussed.

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The Pine Wood Nematode and Its Local Vectors in the Mediterranean Basin

Naves

Bonifácio

Sousa

2016

Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems

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Pine volatiles and terpenoid compounds attractive to European xylophagous species, vectors of Bursaphelenchus spp. nematodes

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Identification and Field Activity of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis

Identification and Field Activity of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis

Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species

The Pine Wood Nematode and Its Local Vectors in the Mediterranean Basin

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