Pine bark (<i>Pinus</i>
 spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders

Robertson, Nina U; Schoonees, Anel; Brand, Amanda; Visser, Janicke

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008294.pub5

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Several in vitro, animal and human studies have indicated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of extracts from various pine species [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. In a systematic review, published by the Cochrane Collaboration, which included 27 RCTs evaluating the effects of supplements containing pine bark extracts on 10 different chronic diseases: asthma, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, cardiovascular disease and risk factors, chronic venous insufficiency, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, osteoarthritis, osteopenia and traumatic brain injury, it was concluded that small sample sizes, a limited number of RCTs, variability in outcome measures and poor reporting of the RCTs included, rendered it impossible to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy or safety of supplements containing pine bark extract [ 108 ]. However, the aforementioned review did not take into account many other studies, including particularly interesting research on skin health and protection.…”

Section: Pharmacological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge

Dziedziński

Kobus‐Cisowska

Stachowiak

2021

Plants

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The pine (Pinus L.) is the largest and most heteromorphic plant genus of the pine family (Pinaceae Lindl.), which grows almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere. The demand for plant-based remedies, supplements and functional food is growing worldwide. Although pine-based products are widely available in many parts of the world, they are almost absent as food ingredients. The literature shows the beneficial effects of pine preparations on human health. Despite the wide geographical distribution of pine trees in the natural environment, there are very few data in the literature on the widespread use of pine in food technology. This study aims to present, characterise and evaluate the content of phytochemicals in pine trees, including shoots, bark and conifer needles, as well as to summarise the available data on their health-promoting and functional properties, and the potential of their use in food and the pharmaceutical industry to support health. Various species of pine tree contain different compositions of bioactive compounds. Regardless of the solvent, method, pine species and plant part used, all pine extracts contain a high number of polyphenols. Pine tree extracts exhibit several described biological activities that may be beneficial to human health. The available examples of the application of pine elements in food are promising. The reuse of residual pine elements is still limited compared to its potential. In this case, it is necessary to conduct more research to find and develop new products and applications of pine residues and by-products.

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Section: Pharmacological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge

Dziedziński

Kobus‐Cisowska

Stachowiak

2021

Plants

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“…Nonetheless, the use of Pycnogenol® (100 mg/day), for 3 to 8 weeks prior to the birch pollen season, did not lead to significant improvement in nasal and ocular symptoms [ 31 ]. French maritime pine bark extract supplementation has already been studied under other pathophysiological conditions, as traumatic brain injury [ 45 ], urinary tract infections [ 46 ], osteoarthritis [ 47 ], among others [ 48 ] with different doses and duration, besides impact on clinical outcomes. The methodological limitations and imprecision lead to a low evidence level for this outcome, as can be seen in Table 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Flavonoids in Allergies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Brasiel

Guimarães

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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Objective. To assess the clinical efficacy of flavonoid supplements on allergic diseases. Design. Systematic review. Data Sources. MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from inception to September 2021. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies. Eligible study designs were randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of flavonoids applied to allergic diseases. Results. This review included 15 randomized controlled trials, including allergic rhinitis/cedar pollinosis ( n = 10 ), asthma ( n = 3 ), and atopic dermatitis ( n = 2 ). A total of 990 participants aged 6 to 69 years were included in these studies. Globally, 12 studies (80%) revealed some benefits of flavonoids (isolate or combined with other compounds) in allergic patients, while three studies (20%) reported no statistically significant impact on symptom scores and/or lung function. No severe adverse events related to treatment were reported. According to the GRADE system, the outcomes evaluated were of low to moderate quality of evidence. Conclusions. Overall, this review suggests that the administration of flavonoids may provide a viable strategy for mitigating allergic symptoms. Future trials with high methodological quality are needed to establish definitive conclusions. This trial is registered with PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021237403.

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“…The present study did not investigate the potential active ingredient(s) of PBE. However, accumulating data indicate that maritime pine bark extract contains high levels of procyanidins and proanthocyanidins ( 18 , 53 , 54 ). Based on previous studies, the bark extract of Pinus thunbergii , which is a Korean maritime pine, may also contain procyanidins and proanthocyanidins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinus thunbergii bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice

et al. 2022

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Korean maritime pine bark ( Pinus thunbergii ) has been used as an alternative medicine due to its beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory effects. To date, the anti-inflammatory and hair growth-promoting effects of Pinus densiflora bark extract have remained elusive. Therefore, in the present study, Pinus thunbergii bark was extracted with pure water (100°C) and the extract was examined to determine its polyphenol and flavonoid content. C57BL/6 mice were used to assess the effects of the extract to promote hair growth. The extract (1, 2 and 4%) was topically applied onto shaved dorsal skin and hair growth was observed for 17 days. A significant increase in hair growth was observed with 2 and 4% extract. Based on this finding, the optimal dose of the extract for effective hair growth promotion was determined to be 2%. The mechanisms of hair growth promotion were investigated via immunohistochemical analysis of changes in inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the hair follicles following treatment with 2% extract. The treatment reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, which are pro-inflammatory cytokines, while it enhanced the levels of IL-4 and IL-13, which are anti-inflammatory cytokines, in the hair follicles. In addition, elevated insulin-like growth factor I and vascular epidermal growth factor were detected in hair follicles following treatment. Based on these findings, it was suggested that the extract of Pinus thunbergii bark may be utilized for hair loss prevention and/or hair growth promotion.

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Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders

Abstract: Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (Review)

Cited by 16 publications

References 109 publications

Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge

Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge

Therapeutic Efficacy of Flavonoids in Allergies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Pinus thunbergii bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice

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