Pinch Strengths in Healthy Iranian Children and Young Adult Population

Dianat, Iman; Feizi, Hossein; Hasan-khali, Kosar

doi:10.15171/hpp.2015.007

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This finding is similar to previous studies on pinch and grip strength in both children and adults. 30,31 Dianat et al 32 compared 4 types of pinch strength between males and females between 7 and 30 years and found that males showed significantly higher strength compared with females in both the dominant and nondominant sides on all 4 strength tests. McQuiddy et al 30 also found that sex is a factor influencing grip and pinch strength in children and adolescents between 6 and 19 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is inconsistent with previous studies investigating grip and pinch strength in participants from preadolescent to adolescent age and intrinsic hand muscle strength in younger children. 8,30,32,33,38 It is possible that the developmental trajectories of small intrinsic muscles are different from extrinsic muscles and lead to less increase in strength through age. Similar to our findings, Dianat et al 32 found that the pinch strength was not associated with age in participants between 16 and 30 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,30,32,33,38 It is possible that the developmental trajectories of small intrinsic muscles are different from extrinsic muscles and lead to less increase in strength through age. Similar to our findings, Dianat et al 32 found that the pinch strength was not associated with age in participants between 16 and 30 years. Therefore, less hand muscle strength changes from adolescents to adulthood may contribute to our result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Chen

McGee

Rich

et al. 2018

Journal of Hand Therapy

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Study Design A cross-sectional clinical measurement study. Introduction Measuring intrinsic hand muscle strength helps evaluate hand function or therapeutic outcomes. However, there are no established normative values in adolescents and young adults between 13 and 20 years of age. Purpose of the Study To measure hand intrinsic muscle strength and identify associated factors that may influence such in adolescents and young adults through use of the Rotterdam intrinsic hand myometer. Methods A total of 131 participants (male: 63; female: 68) between 13 and 20 years of age completed the strength measurements of abductor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseus (FDI), deep head of FDI and lumbrical of second digit, flexor pollicis brevis (FPB), and abductor digiti minimi. Two trials of the measurements of each muscle were averaged for analyses. Self-reported demographic data were used to examine the influences of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on intrinsic hand muscle strength. Results Normative values of intrinsic hand muscle strength were presented by age groups (13, 14, 15–16, 17–18, 19–20 year olds) for each sex category (male, female). A main effect of sex, but not age, on all the muscles on both the dominant (FPB: P = .02, others: P < .001) and non-dominant (FDI: P = .005, FPB: P = .01, others: P < .001) sides was found. A significant effect of BMI was found on dominant (P = .009) and non-dominant abductor pollicis brevis (P = .002). In addition, FDI (P = .005) and FPB (P = .002) were stronger on the dominant side than the non-dominant side. Discussion Intrinsic hand muscle strength may be influenced by different factors including sex, BMI, and hand dominance. A larger sample is needed to rigorously investigate the influence of age on intrinsic strength in male and female adolescents and young adults. Conclusion The results provide reference values and suggest factors to be considered when evaluating hand function and therapeutic outcomes in both clinical and research settings. Further study is recommended. Level of Evidence VI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Chen

McGee

Rich

et al. 2018

Journal of Hand Therapy

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“…This can be attributed to immature pinch grasp in children ages 3 to 6. 20 In addition, the three CUE-T items (2-finger pinch, 3-finger pinch, key pinch) require full development of intrinsic hand function and in-hand manipulation skills, which may not be developed even in typically developing children until 7 years of age. 21,22 For this reason, we suggest that the CUE-T be used in children older than 6 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) in Children With Tetraplegia

Dent

Grampurohit

Thielen

et al. 2018

Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

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The Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) is a spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific instrument based on the CUE Questionnaire (CUE-Q). To evaluate the psychometric properties of CUE-T in children with cervical SCI and determine the lowest age appropriate for test administration. In this repeated measures multicenter study, 39 youths, mean age 12.3 years and mean time post injury 5.14 years, completed two administrations of the CUE-T. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and known groups validity were measured. Concurrent and discriminant validity were measured against previously validated measures: CUE-Q, Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) III, SCIM III-Self Care (SCIM-SC), and SCIM-Mobility. The CUE-T scores demonstrated strong test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.95), strong internal consistency (α ≥ 0.90), and acceptable individual item agreement (κ ≥ 0.49). The hand subscale had better scores ( < .05) for the motor incomplete versus complete known groups, and the arm, hand, and side subscales had better scores ( < .05) for higher versus lower strength groups. The CUE-T had strong concurrent validity with the CUE-Q ( = 0.85-0.87), GRASSP ( = 0.78-0.90), and SCIM-SC ( = 0.70) and moderate-to-weak correlation with the total SCIM ( = 0.65) and SCIM-Mobility ( = 0.51). Children older than 6 years with mature grasp patterns were able to complete the CUE-T. The CUE-T scores are reliable and valid for use in children with cervical SCI older than 6 years of age.

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“…New instruments for the risk assessment of biomechanical overload reported in the recent scientific literature are sEMG and systems of objective measurement of the force in grip or pinch grip [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The main aim of such studies is to evaluate objective tools for biomechanical overload risk assessment but also looking for new limit values for strain exertion [ 24 ] and evaluation of differences in the mean pinch strength values in terms of age and sex [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinch Grip per SE Is Not an Occupational Risk Factor for the Musculoskeletal System: An Experimental Study on Field

Sala

Lopomo

Romagnoli

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: Some ergonomic evaluation methods define pinch grip as a risk factor independent of the exerted force. The present experimental study was performed with the main aim of objectively measuring the muscle engagement during the execution of pinch grip. Methods: the participants of the study were healthy workers occupationally involved in a high-intensity repetitive job related to the sorting of letters and small packages. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to study the activity of the abductor pollicis brevis and first dorsal interosseous fibers related to the execution of the required working tasks, while the force exerted during voluntary muscle contraction for pinch grip was measured by a portable acquisition system. The subjects were specifically asked to exert the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and further voluntary isometric contractions with a spontaneous force (SF) equal to 10%,20% and 50% of the MVIC; finally, the workers were asked to hold in pinch grip two types of envelopes, weighing 100 g and 500 g, respectively. Results: The force required to pinch 100 and 500 g envelopes by the fifteen subjects of the study corresponded to 4 and 5% MVIC, respectively. The corresponding sEMG average rectified values (ARV) were approximately 6% of that at MVIC for first dorsal interosseus (FDI) fibers and approximately 20–25% of MVIC for abductor pollicis brevis (ABP) fibers. Bivariate correlation analysis showed significant relationships between force at MVIC and FDI ARV at MCV. Conclusions: The obtained results demonstrate that muscle recruitment during pinch grip varies as a function of the SF: not only the position but also the exerted force should be considered when assessing the pinch grip as risk factor for biomechanical overload of the upper limb.

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Pinch Strengths in Healthy Iranian Children and Young Adult Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Reference values of intrinsic muscle strength of the hand of adolescents and young adults

Evaluation of the Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) in Children With Tetraplegia

Pinch Grip per SE Is Not an Occupational Risk Factor for the Musculoskeletal System: An Experimental Study on Field

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