PiN photodiode performance comparison for dosimetry in radiology applications

Oliveira, Charles N.P.; Khoury, Helen J.; Santos, Edval J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.10.018

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The output from both the BPW34 and RMS30 in Fig. 3 indicate that the current signal density and dose rate generated increase linearly with the tube current as has been demonstrated previously by means of direct comparison to air kerma measurements [32].…”

Section: Current-voltage (I-v) Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…5 show a linear correlation between the current signal density detected in the 4H-SiC Schottky diode and the tube current. This can be directly correlated to the dose rate incident on the detector [32], allowing the observation to be drawn that the current detected in the detector is linearly related to the incident dose rate. Measurements show that the sensitivity of our 4H-SiC Schottky diode in nA.min/Gy is 20% of that measured using the BPW34 Si photodiode detector, making it comparable to conventional silicon based detectors such as SFH206 and BPX90 [32].…”

Section: A Dose Rate Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose Rate Linearity in 4H-SiC Schottky Diode-Based Detectors at Elevated Temperatures

Mohamed

Wright

Horsfall

2017

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The outstanding material properties make silicon carbide radiation hard and this ability has enabled it to be demonstrated in a range of detector structures for deployment in extreme environments, including those where the ability to tolerate high radiation dose is imperative. This includes applications in space and nuclear environments, where the ability to detect highly energetic radiation is important. In contrast, detectors used in medical treatment, such as imaging and radiotherapy, uses a range of radiation dose rates and energies for both particulate and photonic radiation. Here, we report the response and dose rate linearity of detectors fabricated from silicon carbide to dose rates in the range of 0.185 mGy.min −1 , typical of those used for medical imaging. The data show that the radiation detected current originates within the depletion region of the detector and that the response is linearly dependent on the volume of the space charge region. The realization of a vertical detector structure, coupled with the high quality of epitaxial layers, has resulted in a high dose sensitivity of the detector that is highly linear. The temperature dependence of the characteristics indicate that silicon carbide Schottky diode based detectors offer a performance suitable for medical applications at temperatures below 100 • C without the need for external cooling.

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Section: Current-voltage (I-v) Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: A Dose Rate Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Rate Linearity in 4H-SiC Schottky Diode-Based Detectors at Elevated Temperatures

Mohamed

Wright

Horsfall

2017

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Additionally, post-Compton scattering photons could similarly excite electrons in the form of impact ionization [50]. In Oliveira's study [6], photodiode signals of four different brands were also inconsistent when the incident photon energy was varied [6].…”

Section: C-v Response To Kvpmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips

et al. 2019

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have miscellaneous applications owing to their low cost, small size, flexibility, and commercial availability. Furthermore, LEDs have dual applicability as light emitters and detectors. This study explores the current–voltage (C–V) response of LED strips exposed to diagnostic x-rays. Cold white, warm white, red, green, and blue LED strip colors were tested. Each strip consisted of 12 LED chips and was connected to a multimeter. The variable diagnostic x-ray parameters evaluated were kilovoltage peak (kVp), milliampere-seconds (mAs), and source-to-image distance (SID). The radiation dose was also measured using a dosimeter simultaneously exposed to x-rays perpendicularly incident on the strips. Lastly, the consistency of C–V responses, and any possible degradation after 1–2 months was also analyzed. Each LED strip color was ranked according to its C–V response in each of the investigated parameters. The LED strip color with the best cumulative rank across all the tested parameters was then examined for reproducibility. Our findings revealed that the C–V responses of LED strips are (a) generally low but measurable, (b) inconsistent and fluctuating as a consequence of kVp variations, (c) positively correlated to mAs, (d) negatively correlated to SID, and (e) positively correlated to dose. Overall results suggested cold white LED strip as most feasible for x-ray detection—in comparison to examined colors. Additionally, the reproducibility study using the cold white LED strip found a similar trend of C–V response to all variables except kVp. Outcomes indicate that LED strips have the potential to be exploited for detecting low dose (~0–100 mGy) diagnostic x-rays. However, future studies should be carried out to increase the low C–V signal.

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“…To a greater extent, most of the semiconductor-based photodiodes and LEDs consist of silicon PN junctions. Today, photodiodes are typically used for signal detection [9,14,15,16] while LEDs are principally used for luminescence [13]. However, some novel studies have directly manipulated LEDs for electromagnetic radiation detection (sensing) [11,17,18,19,20].…”

Section: Photodiodes/ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photodiodes can be broadly classified into four, i.e., PN photodiodes; consisting of a heavily positive semiconductor (P) affixed to a heavily negative semiconductor (N) to form a junction, PIN photodiodes; comprising a PN junction with an intrinsic region sandwiched between the P and N semiconductors in order to increase detection volume [14], Avalanche photodiodes (APDs): Photodiodes that are very sensitive to relatively low intensity electromagnetic radiation due to their high precision and gain capability [24], and Schottky photodiodes: Photodiodes associated with appreciably low operational capacitance [25].…”

Section: Photodiodes/ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Photonic Devices Used for Dosimetry in Medical Radiation

Damulira

Yusoff

Omar

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Numerous instruments such as ionization chambers, hand-held and pocket dosimeters of various types, film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) are used to measure and monitor radiation in medical applications. Of recent, photonic devices have also been adopted. This article evaluates recent research and advancements in the applications of photonic devices in medical radiation detection primarily focusing on four types; photodiodes – including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), phototransistors—including metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), photovoltaic sensors/solar cells, and charge coupled devices/charge metal oxide semiconductors (CCD/CMOS) cameras. A comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and recent technologies of these devices is performed. Further, critical evaluation and comparison of their benefits and limitations as dosimeters is done based on the available studies. Common factors barring photonic devices from being used as radiation detectors are also discussed; with suggestions on possible solutions to overcome these barriers. Finally, the potentials of these devices and the challenges of realizing their applications as quintessential dosimeters are highlighted for future research and improvements.

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PiN photodiode performance comparison for dosimetry in radiology applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Dose Rate Linearity in 4H-SiC Schottky Diode-Based Detectors at Elevated Temperatures

Dose Rate Linearity in 4H-SiC Schottky Diode-Based Detectors at Elevated Temperatures

Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips

A Review: Photonic Devices Used for Dosimetry in Medical Radiation

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