Pin Nematode Slow Decline of Anthurium andraeanum, a New Disease Caused by the Pin Nematode Paratylenchus shenzhenensis

Abstract

High population densities of the plant-parasitic nematode Paratylenchus shenzhenensis have been observed in association with stunted anthurium in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. P. shenzhenensis is now recognized as a new pathogen that causes severe damage to anthurium. Commercial fields of anthurium infected by P. shenzhenensis present a patchy distribution of plants that are usually stunted and in decline and have yellowing leaves. Roots that are heavily infected by this nematode present brown, dark-brown, or black rot, and the entire root mass is often destroyed. In this study, a method of culturing P. shenzhenensis on carrot disks was established, and the effects of temperature and time on the reproduction rate (Rr = final number of nematodes/initial number of nematodes) of this nematode were assessed. The optimum temperature for culturing P. shenzhenensis on carrot disks is 25°C and, after inoculation with 20 females and 10 males at 25°C for 10 weeks, Rr reached 3,834. At the optimum temperature, a suitable extension culture time or an increase in initial inoculum density will improve the reproductive efficiency of P. shenzhenensis. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by inoculating P. shenzhenensis on the roots of anthurium and demonstrating the pathogenicity of the nematode. Histological analyses showed that P. shenzhenensis feed endoparasitically on the roots of anthurium; whole nematode bodies were observed in the outermost epidermal cells and root hairs, and the cell walls and middle lamellae were partially dissolved because of nematode migration and feeding.

Identification and establishment of a culture method for the spiral nematode Helicotylenchus microlobus from tomato in China

“…We found that the main morphological characteristics of the LQ-1 population were basically consistent with H. microlobus as described previously, with only slight differences in some measurements. Compared with the data of Mwamula et al (2020), the L, b, c and max body diameter values for female nematodes were relatively smaller [22]; the pharynx length and m value of measurements were relatively larger. The reason for differences may be related to underlying genetic variation and geographical position.…”

“…1). The morphometric data from the LQ-1 population closely resembled H. microlobus as described previously [22] (Table 1).…”

Species Diversity of Pin Nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) from Potato Growing Regions of Southern Alberta, Canada

“…Wang, Xie, Li, Xu, Yu, and Wang [21] and P. projectus, cause varying degrees of damage to their hosts, including root injury and poor plant development, consequently decreasing yield and plant longevity [7,22].…”

“…Paratylenchus species are commonly known as pin nematodes. The short stylet species feed ecto-parasitically; however, some species feed endo-parasitically by gaining entry into lateral roots [5][6][7]. Pin nematodes are amongst the most frequently occurring PPN in Canada [8], and previous studies have reported the association of pin nematodes with forages, turf grasses, legumes, and cereal crops of Eastern and Central Canada [2,[9][10][11][12][13].…”

A new pin nematode, Paratylenchus sinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) in the rhizosphere of white mulberry from Zhejiang Province, China

“…These species are distributed across different climatic zones and environments (Raski 1976;Esser 1992;Ghaderi et al 2014;Maria et al 2018a;Li et al, 2019). Some of the species were reported to be pathogenic and causing reduced root system and poor growth, notable examples are P. bukowinensis Micoletzky 1922 on parsley and celery (Brzeski 1975;Brzeski & Radzikowska 1980); G. epacris (Allen & Jensen 1950) Goodey, 1963 on walnut, G. capitatus (Adams & Eichenmuller 1962) Siddiqi & Goodey 1964 on oak, G. hamicaudatus (Cid del Prado Vera & Maggenti 1988) Brzeski, 1998 on redwood, P. projectus Jenkins 1956 on alfalfa (Webster et al 1967) and P. shenzhenensis Wang, Xie, Li, Xu, Yu & Wang 2013 on flamingo lily (Wang et al 2013).…”