PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation, and Evolution

Adamowski, Maciek; Friml, Jiřı́

doi:10.1105/tpc.114.134874

Cited by 682 publications

(727 citation statements)

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“…Polar auxin transport depends on the localization and activity of auxin influx and efflux carriers (Adamowski and Friml, 2015). In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells, NAA enters the cells mainly by diffusion (Delbarre et al, 1996;Seifertová et al, 2014), whereas it is an excellent substrate for active efflux.…”

Section: C-ca Inhibits Cellular Auxin Effluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

cis-Cinnamic Acid Is a Novel, Natural Auxin Efflux Inhibitor That Promotes Lateral Root Formation

et al. 2016

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Section: C-ca Inhibits Cellular Auxin Effluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

cis-Cinnamic Acid Is a Novel, Natural Auxin Efflux Inhibitor That Promotes Lateral Root Formation

et al. 2016

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“…The Arabidopsis genome codes for eight PIN proteins (Friml et al, 2003). Three of these, PIN 5, PIN6, and PIN8, are localized at the ER membrane and engage in intracellular auxin transport (Adamowski and Friml, 2015). PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7 are localized at the plasma membrane where they support polar auxin transport.…”

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confidence: 99%

Root Bending Is Antagonistically Affected by Hypoxia and ERF-Mediated Transcription via Auxin Signaling

Eysholdt-Derzsó

Sauter

2017

Plant Physiol.

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ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7370-643X (M.S.).When plants encounter soil water logging or flooding, roots are the first organs to be confronted with reduced gas diffusion resulting in limited oxygen supply. Since roots do not generate photosynthetic oxygen, they are rapidly faced with oxygen shortage rendering roots particularly prone to damage. While metabolic adaptations to low oxygen conditions, which ensure basic energy supply, have been well characterized, adaptation of root growth and development have received less attention. In this study, we show that hypoxic conditions cause the primary root to grow sidewise in a low oxygen environment, possibly to escape soil patches with reduced oxygen availability. This growth behavior is reversible in that gravitropic growth resumes when seedlings are returned to normoxic conditions. Hypoxic root bending is inhibited by the group VII ethylene response factor (ERFVII) RAP2.12, as rap2.12-1 seedlings show exaggerated primary root bending. Furthermore, overexpression of the ERFVII member HRE2 inhibits root bending, suggesting that primary root growth direction at hypoxic conditions is antagonistically regulated by hypoxia and hypoxia-activated ERFVIIs. Root bending is preceded by the establishment of an auxin gradient across the root tip as quantified with DII-VENUS and is synergistically enhanced by hypoxia and the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid. The protein abundance of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 is reduced at hypoxic conditions, a response that is suppressed by RAP2.12 overexpression, suggesting antagonistic control of auxin flux by hypoxia and ERFVII. Taken together, we show that hypoxia triggers an escape response of the primary root that is controlled by ERFVII activity and mediated by auxin signaling in the root tip.

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“…Auxin leaves the cell via efflux carriers (PINs and PGPs; Petrasek et al, 2006;Adamowski and Friml, 2015). In addition, experimental observation shows that ethylene may positively regulate AUX1 activity (Ruzicka et al, 2007).…”

Section: Construction Of a Hormonal Crosstalk Network Based On Experimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental data on Arabidopsis root development, accumulated over many years, have shown that the complexity of the interactions between hormones and gene expression in the root is multi-faceted, with the following features. 1) the activities of hormones such as auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, gibberellin and brassinosteroids depend on cellular context and exhibit either synergistic or antagonistic interactions (Garay-Arroyo et al, 2012); 2) cellular patterning in the Arabidopsis root is coordinated via a localized auxin concentration maximum in the root tip, requiring the regulated expression of specific genes (Sabatini et al, 1999); 3) auxin is directionally transported through plant tissues, providing positional and vectorial information during development (Vanneste and Friml, 2009;Adamowski and Friml, 2015); 4) auxin concentration and the associated regulatory and target genes are regulated by diverse interacting hormones and gene expression and therefore cannot change independently of the various crosstalk components in space and time (Garay-Arroyo et al, 2012); 5) other hormone concentrations, such as ethylene and cytokinin concentrations, and expression of the associated regulatory and target genes are also interlinked (e.g. To et al, 2004;Shi et al, 2012); and 6) transport of other hormones, such as cytokinin, from the shoot to the root in the phloem (Bishopp et al, 2011;Schaller et al, 2015) in combination with local biosynthesis, degradation and diffusion, could also be an important factor affecting the interaction of hormones and gene expression in Arabidopsis root development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Plant Hormone Gradients

Moore

Zhang

Lindsey

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Cellular patterning in the Arabidopsis root is coordinated via a localised auxin concentration maximum in the root tip, requiring the regulated expression of specific genes. The activities of plant hormones such as auxin, ethylene and cytokinin depend on cellular context and exhibit either synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of spatiotemporal interactions between both hormones and gene expression in root development, modelling plant hormone gradients requires a systems approach in which experimental data and modelling analysis are closely combined. Modelling therefore allows a predictive interrogation of highly complex and nonintuitive interactions between components in the system. Important factors to be considered when modelling hormone gradients include the construction of a hormonal crosstalk network, the formulation of kinetic equations and the construction of an in silico root map. A modelling approach enables the analysis of relationships between multiple hormone gradients, predictions on how hormone gradients emerge under the action of hormonal crosstalk, and the prediction and elucidation of experimental results from mutant roots. Key Concepts Patterning in Arabidopsis root development is coordinated via a localised auxin concentration maximum in the root tip, requiring the regulated expression of specific genes. The activities of plant hormones such as auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, gibberellin and brassinosteroids depend on cellular context and exhibit either synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Auxin concentration and the associated regulatory and target genes are regulated by diverse interacting hormones and gene expression and therefore cannot change independently of the various crosstalk components in space and time. Other hormone concentrations, such as ethylene and cytokinin concentrations, and expression of the associated regulatory and target genes are also interlinked. Modelling plant hormone gradients requires a systems approach where experimental data and modelling analysis are closely combined. A hormonal crosstalk network describes the regulatory relationships between hormones and their associated genes. A kinetic equation can be formulated for any regulatory relationship following thermodynamic and kinetic principles. Construction of an in silico root map enables the study of multicellular cell–cell communications in Arabidopsis root development. Modelling hormone gradients enables the analysis of relationships between multiple hormone gradients, predictions on how hormone gradients emerge under the action of hormonal crosstalk, and the prediction and elucidation of experimental results from mutant roots. Modelling auxin gradients can also incorporate different mechanisms of polar auxin transport and the interaction of hormone gradients and root growth.

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PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation, and Evolution

Cited by 682 publications

References 118 publications

cis-Cinnamic Acid Is a Novel, Natural Auxin Efflux Inhibitor That Promotes Lateral Root Formation

cis-Cinnamic Acid Is a Novel, Natural Auxin Efflux Inhibitor That Promotes Lateral Root Formation

Root Bending Is Antagonistically Affected by Hypoxia and ERF-Mediated Transcription via Auxin Signaling

Modelling Plant Hormone Gradients

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