Pin-based electrochemical glucose sensor with multiplexing possibilities

Abstract

This work describes the use of mass-produced stainless-steel pins as low-cost electrodes to develop simple and portable amperometric glucose biosensors. A potentiostatic three-electrode configuration device is designed using two bare pins as reference and counter electrodes, and a carbon-ink coated pin as working electrode. Conventional transparency film without any pretreatment is used to punch the pins and contain the measurement solution. The interface to the potentiostat is very simple since it is based on a commercial female connection. This electrochemical system is applied to glucose determination using a bienzymatic sensor phase (glucose oxidase/horseradish peroxidase) with ferrocyanide as electron-transfer mediator, achieving a linear range from 0.05 to 1mM. It shows analytical characteristics comparable to glucose sensors previously reported using conventional electrodes, and its application for real food samples provides good results. The easy modification of the position of the pins allows designing different configurations with possibility of performing simultaneous measurements. This is demonstrated through a specific design that includes four pin working-electrodes. Different concentrations of antibody labeled with alkaline phosphatase are immobilized on the pin-heads and after enzymatic conversion of 3-indoxylphosphate and silver nitrate, metallic silver is determined by anodic stripping voltammetry.

Microfluidic thread‐based electrode system to detect glucose and acetylthiocholine

“…At present, there are fewer thread‐based devices that have incorporated electrochemical detection than paper . Typical methods of fabricating electrodes on either thread or paper‐based devices include screen or stencil printing, or chemical vapor deposition as well as screens, masks, stencils, and conductive materials .…”

“…Specifically, the thread‐based devices were used to measure lactate in human serum. Related methodology was later employed for glucose sensing and in batch injection analysis .…”

Avidin and Glucose Oxidase‐non‐covalently Functionalized Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes: A New Analytical Tool for Building a Bienzymatic Glucose Biosensor

“…Rama et al. designed a portable amperometric glucose biosensor using carbon‐ink coated stainless‐steel pins modified with GOx and HRP and ferrocyanide as electron transfer mediator. Xiang et al.…”

Impedimetric Enzyme‐Free Detection of Glucose via a Computation‐Designed Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Fabricated on Porous Ni Foam

“…[1,2] As a matter of fact, glucose analysis also finds extensive use in other fields beyond blood sugar detection, such as food and pharmaceutical inspection, environmental pollution monitoring, and bioprocess control. [3][4][5] In this context, various advanced approaches including chromatography, [6,7] optical analysis, [8][9][10] and electrochemical (bio)sensors [11][12][13][14][15] have been explored for the detection of glucose. Among these methods, fabricating non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors is considered as a promising strategy to realize the target determination, because they exhibit some attractive properties of high performance, fast response, low cost, and miniaturized devices.…”