Pilots’ Visual Scan Patterns and Situation Awareness in Flight Operations

Yu, Chung-San; Wang, Eric Min-yang; Li, Wen‐Chin; Braithwaite, Graham

doi:10.3357/asem.3847.2014

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lack of visual attention is an indicator of missing SA, which is a known contributing factor in aviation accidents (17). Although there is a debate concerning a 'bottom-up' or 'top-down' approach to visual attention in the eye-tracking research, it was observed that pilots integrated both bottom-up and top-down visual processes based on their experience and salience of information during tactical operations (25) and a bottom-up approach based on observation of the data without predefined theories relating eye movements to cognitive activity (5).…”

Section: Pilots' Attention Distributions Play a Central Role In Cognimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it was suggested that fixation numbers and fixation duration focused on a certain AOIs might indicate where attention is allocated. The numbers of fixations distributed and fixation duration on relevant AOIs can be not only an effective indicator of pilot's expertise level but can also be closely related to a pilot's situational awareness (25). Military pilots operating aircraft during tactical manoeuvers have to identify rapidly and precisely where, or how, to move to the most appropriate position based on the relative dynamic information of a moving target, as pilots have to assess potential risks of intended tactical manoeuvers to gain the most advantageous dynamic positions by projecting the trajectory movement in the near future.…”

Section: Expert Pilots Have Been Shown To Have a Longer Duration Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilots’ Visual Scan Patterns and Attention Distribution During the Pursuit of a Dynamic Target

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance

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Experienced pilots have better SA performance and paid more attention to the HUD, but focused less outside the cockpit when compared with novice pilots. Furthermore, pilots with better SA performance exhibited a smaller pupil size during the operational phase of lock on while pursuing a dynamic target. Understanding pilots' visual scan patterns and attention distribution are beneficial to the design of interface displays in the cockpit and in developing human factors training syllabi to improve the safety of flight operations.

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Section: Pilots' Attention Distributions Play a Central Role In Cognimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expert Pilots Have Been Shown To Have a Longer Duration Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilots’ Visual Scan Patterns and Attention Distribution During the Pursuit of a Dynamic Target

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance

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“…Thus, it provides a new perspective for studying SA and is favored by many SA researchers. For example, in the field of pilot SA research, Merwe et al [21] used fixation rates and dwell times as "Level 1 SA" indicators and scanning entropy as a "Level 3 SA" indicator to measure pilot SA; Yu et al [22] conducted an eye movement otherness research on military pilots with different SA levels, including pupil sizes and average fixation duration; and through a fighter aircraft simulation experiment, Liu and Su [23] proved that the superiority of eye tracking in measuring pilots' SA lies in having more extensive differences in sensitivity. In the research on controllers' SA, Hyun et al [24] studied the SA differences between novice and expert controllers by using eye movement measures and a thinking-aloud experiment.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Situation Awareness of Tower Controllers by Using Eye Movement Analysis

Guo¹,

Yawei²,

Si³

et al. 2020

JESTR

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The lack of situation awareness (SA) is the main reason for tower controllers' human errors. How to evaluate the SA of tower controllers is an important problem for controlling the risk of air traffic control system. The current method of measuring the SA of air traffic controllers by using eye movement analysis focuses on radar controllers. To verify the applicability of eye movement analysis in measuring the SA of tower controllers, an experiment platform was built by using the eye tracker and tower control simulation software. The comparison of the two group features including SA, task load, and operation performance, were conducted by the nearest neighbor index (NNI). Results show that the subjects whose fixation feature is dispersed distribution have high SA and improve operation performance under a low task load. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the NNI and SA reveals a significant positive moderate association (r=0.602, p<0.01). Eye tracking can measure the SA of tower controllers, and the NNI can be an auxiliary eye index for SA measurement in dynamic, uncontrolled environments. The conclusion of this study can provide a new reference index for the real-time quantitative assessment of tower controllers' situation awareness level.

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“…To this purpose, many previous studies have advocated the use of eye tracking tools, applied mostly in simulated flight scenarios (Blascheck, et al, 2014;Lijing, Hongpeng, Dayong, & Xiuly, 2015;US Department of Transportation FAA, 2012). Some of these studies analyzed the pilots' visual scanning strategies for different flight scenarios and for various pilot categories (Diaz, Cees, Dyer, & Garcia, 2017;Lijing, Hongpeng, Dayong, & Xiuly, 2015;Robinski & Stein, 2013;Yu, Wang, Li, Braithwaite, & Greaves, 2016;Yu, Wang, Li, & Braithwaite, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the pilot selection process by using eye-tracking tools

Vlačić

Knežević

Rođenkov

et al. 2020

JEMR

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This paper improves the understanding of the use of eye-tracking tools in the pilot selection process. Research of eye movement and attention distribution of candidate pilots may provide the capability for visual behavior prediction in more demanding flight training phases. The research included psychological testing, flight screening of subjects and their achievements in a flight simulator in combination with an eye-tracking device. Participants were divided into three categories: high performance, average performance, and low performance and separately regarded through psychological testing results and flight screening results. An eye-tracking device tracked visual behavior of subjects through the scope and speed of visual perception. The number of fixations and revisits recorded during the simulated visual flight conditions measured the difference in visual response between subjects. Comparison of results showed a positive correlation with psychological test results. Correlation with flight screening selection was not confirmed. We used the new network-based approach with three target importance measures to overcome the shortcomings of traditional eye movement metrics. The results of the adopted network approach presented in the form of graphs and analysis of normalized importance measures showed that it was possible to extract specific saccade strategy for each participant. Discovered differences between them positively detected week ones. In this way, Eye-tracking tools can potentially improve the pilot selection process and complement other tests and assessment methods.

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Pilots’ Visual Scan Patterns and Situation Awareness in Flight Operations

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Pilots’ Visual Scan Patterns and Attention Distribution During the Pursuit of a Dynamic Target

Pilots’ Visual Scan Patterns and Attention Distribution During the Pursuit of a Dynamic Target

Measuring the Situation Awareness of Tower Controllers by Using Eye Movement Analysis

Improving the pilot selection process by using eye-tracking tools

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