Pilot Workload Estimation: Synthesis of Spectral Requirements Analysis and Weber’s Law

Bachelder, Edward N.; Godfroy-Cooper, Martine

doi:10.2514/6.2019-1228

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2.2,6.1). Moreover, our results support the early psychophysics approach to workload by Gopher and Braune (1984), and they are consistent with a recent application of Stevens law to workload data analysis by (Bachelder and Godfroy-Cooper 2019) (see Sects. 2.2,2.5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The derived power law in the present work corresponds to the classical stimulus-response relationship of Stevens (e.g., Stevens 1975;Link 1992). As proposed originally by Gopher et al (1984Gopher et al ( , 1985, and as recently reported by Bachelder et al (2019) the psychophysics approach suggests the power law application also to the relationship between objective task load as stimulus and subjective workload measures as response. In fact, Lehrer suggested in (Lehrer et al 2010) the combined use of different measures due to well-known large inter-individual differences in sensitivities, because "it is known that some individuals respond more sensitively to task load changes in self-report measures, others in specific physiological measures".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The measured exponent γ < 1 for the nominal traffic condition is consistent with the result of Bachelder et al 0.2 < γ < 0.4 < 1 (see Sect. 2.5) (Bachelder and Godfroy-Cooper 2019).…”

Section: Power Law Stimulus-response Relationship Isa(rc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Bachelder and Godfroy-Cooper (2019) reported on the application of the psychophysics power law to the analysis of a pilot workload estimation simulator experiment. They used a flight compensatory tracking task with Bedford hierarchical unidimensional WL scale (a modified Cooper-Harper rating scale) designed to identify operators spare mental capacity, while completing the task.…”

Section: Psychophysics Of Mental Workloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power law model for subjective mental workload and validation through air traffic control human-in-the-loop simulation

Fürstenau

Radüntz

2021

Cogn Tech Work

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We provide evidence for a power law relationship between the subjective one-dimensional Instantaneous Self Assessment workload measure (five-level ISA-WL scale) and the radio communication of air traffic controllers (ATCOs) as an objective task load variable. It corresponds to Stevens’ classical psychophysics relationship between physical stimulus and subjective response, with characteristic power law exponent γ of the order of 1. The theoretical model was validated in a human-in-the loop air traffic control simulation experiment with traffic flow as environmental stimulus that correlates positively with ATCOs frequency and duration of radio calls (task load, RC-TL) and their reported ISA-WL. The theoretical predictions together with nonlinear regression-based model parameter estimates expand previously published results that quantified the formal logistic relationship between the subjective ISA measure and simulated air traffic flow (Fürstenau et al. in Theor Issues Ergon Sci 21(6): 684–708, 2020). The present analysis refers to a psychophysics approach to mental workload suggested by (Gopher and Braune in Hum Factors 26(5): 519–532, 1984) that was recently used by (Bachelder and Godfroy-Cooper in Pilot workload esimation: synthesis of spectral requirements analysis and Weber's law, SCL Tech, San Diego, 2019) for pilot workload estimation, with a corresponding power law exponent in the typical range of Stevens’ exponents. Based on the hypothesis of cognitive resource limitation, we derived the power law by combination of the two logistic models for ISA-WL and communication TL characteristics, respectively. Despite large inter-individual variance, the theoretically predicted logistic and power law parameter values exhibit surprisingly close agreement with the regression-based estimates (for averages across participants). Significant differences between logistic ISA-WL and RC-TL scaling parameters and the corresponding Stevens exponents as ratio of these parameters quantify the TL/WL dissociation with regard to traffic flow. The sensitivity with regard to work conditions of the logistic WL-scaling parameter as well as the power law exponent was revealed by traffic scenarios with a non-nominal event: WL sensitivity increased significantly for traffic flow larger than a critical value. Initial analysis of a simultaneously measured new neurophysiological (EEG) load index (dual frequency head maps, DFHM, (Radüntz in Front Physiol 8: 1–15, 2017)) provided evidence for the power law to be applicable to the DFHM load measure as well.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The measured exponent γ < 1 for the nominal traffic condition is consistent with the result of Bachelder et al 0.2 < γ < 0.4 < 1 (see Sect. 2.5) (Bachelder and Godfroy-Cooper 2019).…”

Section: Power Law Stimulus-response Relationship Isa(rc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychophysics Of Mental Workloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power law model for subjective mental workload and validation through air traffic control human-in-the-loop simulation

Fürstenau

Radüntz

2021

Cogn Tech Work

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“…According to Ji et al [11], it is crucial to investigate the pilot workload to improve flight safety and performance during different operations. The pilot model usually takes into account the neuromuscular behavior associated with the pilot actions along with the time delay to account for the pilot's cognitive responsiveness, while the pilot's mental workload due to physiological aspect could improve the pilot-modelin-the-loop [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Heart-Related Indexes Behavior Study for Aircraft Pilots Allowable Workload Level Assessment

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to evaluate workload by detecting Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indexes in a sample of 34 pilots while performing simulated flight exercises. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to assess the changes of the physiological measures in five standard maneuvers associated with different workload levels. The results show that all the indexes, but the Low Frequency to High Frequency ratio index (LF/HF), have a well-defined trend between the baseline and the en-route phase and with the three phases takeoff, steady turn, and landing. This study provides evidence of a differentiation among low, medium, and high workload levels using the time, frequencies, and non-linear HRV domains of analysis. These findings support the relevance of HRV indexes for workload evaluation, suggesting the development of non-invasive instruments capable of assessing workload in real-time. Further studies may be conducted to investigate whether the same findings could also be applied to more challenging maneuvers in real working conditions.

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Model Based Analysis of Subjective Mental Workload During Multiple Remote Tower Human-In-The-Loop Simulations

Fürstenau

Papenfuß

2022

Virtual and Remote Control Tower

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Pilot Workload Estimation: Synthesis of Spectral Requirements Analysis and Weber’s Law

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Power law model for subjective mental workload and validation through air traffic control human-in-the-loop simulation

Power law model for subjective mental workload and validation through air traffic control human-in-the-loop simulation

Human Heart-Related Indexes Behavior Study for Aircraft Pilots Allowable Workload Level Assessment

Model Based Analysis of Subjective Mental Workload During Multiple Remote Tower Human-In-The-Loop Simulations

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