Pilot survey of aflatoxin–albumin adducts in sera from Egypt

Turner, Paul C.; Loffredo, Christopher A.; Kafrawy, Sharif El; Ezzat, Sameera; Eissa, Soheir Abdel Latif; Daly, M. El; Nada, Ola; Abdel‐Hamid, Mohamed

doi:10.1080/02652030701713939

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In middle-income countries or regions where exposures may be more moderate, probiotic interventions have been suggested (177) ; these probiotics restrict aflatoxin bioavailability by binding and then shuttling the toxin through the gastrointestinal tract. Such an approach has been suggested as plausible in a region such as Egypt (178) where sources of exposure are less well defined (26,27,60) . In terms of growth, this approach was successful in a rodent model in that in the intervention arm, both the aflatoxin-driven growth faltering was improved and the aflatoxin biomarker level was reduced (179) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food

et al. 2012

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites that globally contaminate an estimated 25 % of cereal crops and thus exposure is frequent in many populations. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol are amongst those mycotoxins of particular concern from a human health perspective. A number of risks to health are suggested including cancer, growth faltering, immune suppression and neural tube defects; though only the demonstrated role for aflatoxin in the aetiology of liver cancer is widely recognised. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling and intake estimates; instead biomarkers provide better tools for informing epidemiological investigations. Validated exposure biomarkers for aflatoxin (urinary aflatoxin M 1 , aflatoxin -N7-guaunine, serum aflatoxin -albumin) were established almost 20 years ago and were critical in confirming aflatoxins as potent liver carcinogens. Validation has included demonstration of assay robustness, intake v. biomarker level, and stability of stored samples. More recently, aflatoxin exposure biomarkers are revealing concerns of growth faltering and immune suppression; importantly, they are being used to assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies. For fumonisins and deoxynivalenol these steps of development and validation have significantly advanced in recent years. Such biomarkers should better inform epidemiological studies and thus improve our understanding of their potential risk to human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food

et al. 2012

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“…Epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to diets naturally contaminated with AFs revealed positive correlations between the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and elsewhere and dietary intake consumption of AF [54]. AF consumption raises the risk of liver cancer by more than ten-fold compared to either exposure alone in people with hepatitis B and C viral infection [72]. …”

Section: Public Health Importance Of Mycotoxins In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ghana, higher levels of AFB1-alb adducts in plasma were associated with lower percentages of certain leukocyte immunophenotypes [42] (Table 2); in addition, a close association between anemia in pregnancy and AFs among pregnant women in Kumasi was reported [69]. Similarly, a study in Gambian children found an association between serum AFs-alb levels and reduced salivatory secretory IgA levels [72] (Table 2). Additionally, AFs and hepatitis B virus exposure appeared to interact synergistically to substantially increase the risk of cirrhosis in Gambia [49] (Table 2).…”

Section: Public Health Importance Of Mycotoxins In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Mycotoxin Contamination of Foods in Africa

et al. 2014

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Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that contaminate various feedstuffs and agricultural crops. The contamination of food by mycotoxins can occur before production, during storage, processing, transportation or marketing of the food products. High temperature, moisture content and water activity are among the predisposing factors that facilitate the production of mycotoxins in food. Aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are all considered the major mycotoxins produced in food and feedstuffs. In Africa, mycotoxin contamination is considered to be a major problem with implications that affect human and animal health and economy. Aflatoxin-related hepatic diseases are reported in many African countries. Ochratoxin and fumonisin toxicity in humans and animals is widespread in Africa. The available, updated information on the incidence of mycotoxin contamination, decontamination and its public health importance in Africa is lacking. The aim of this review is to highlight, update and discuss the available information on the incidence of mycotoxins in African countries. The public health implications and the recommended strategies for control of mycotoxins in food and agricultural crops are also discussed.

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“…Exposures in regions such as Egypt and Brazil are perhaps intermediate in exposure [64, 65, 74, 99, 112] but these exposures are still of concern. A number of approaches have been used to assess the concentration of aflatoxin exposure biomarkers including ELISA, RIA, HPLC with fluorescence (HPLC-Fl) detection, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, and AMS; each approach has advantages and disadvantages, though readers should rather be aware that it is not always possible to compare data directly from one approach to another.…”

Section: Mycotoxin Exposure Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth

Turner

2013

Scientifica

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Aflatoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that contaminate dietary staples in tropical regions; chronic high levels of exposure are common for many of the poorest populations. Observations in animals indicate that growth and/or food utilization are adversely affected by aflatoxins. This review highlights the development of validated exposure biomarkers and their use here to assess the role of aflatoxins in early life growth retardation. Aflatoxin exposure occurs in utero and continues in early infancy as weaning foods are introduced. Using aflatoxin-albumin exposure biomarkers, five major studies clearly demonstrate strong dose response relationships between exposure in utero and/or early infancy and growth retardation, identified by reduced birth weight and/or low HAZ and WAZ scores. The epidemiological studies include cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys, though aflatoxin reduction intervention studies are now required to further support these data and guide sustainable options to reduce the burden of exposure. The use of aflatoxin exposure biomarkers was essential in understanding the observational data reviewed and will likely be a critical monitor of the effectiveness of interventions to restrict aflatoxin exposure. Given that an estimated 4.5 billion individuals live in regions at risk of dietary contamination the public health concern cannot be over stated.

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Pilot survey of aflatoxin–albumin adducts in sera from Egypt

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food

The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food

An Overview on Mycotoxin Contamination of Foods in Africa

The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth

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