Pilot study on sprint training methods in different types of athletes

Abstract

From the recognition of the scientific literature it emerges that the International Paralympic Committee and the Italian Paralympic Committee, together with the Special Olympics, present a segregative imprint in sports activities, as the current Regulations allow the restricted participation to specific types of disabilities, excluding the inclusion of others, so the difficulty lies in finding a different method that is suitable for all the different types of athletes. Taking up the two approaches (cognitive and ecological), mentioned in the previous study, it is preferable to limit the method of prescriptive teaching for athletes with disabilities on 100, 200, 400m, because they must adapt to a diversity compared to non-disabled people. For this reason, the adaptation is personal and then it occurs according to the heuristic learning method. Therefore, the integration of the above mentioned approaches is proposed, giving shape to a model characterized by a specific training of organic and muscular adaptations, also in qualitative terms, with the integration of heuristic learning and types of periodization and training methods with differences in the competition rules. The aim of this study is to hypothesize, through the theoretical method, a model that is able to enhance all types of athletes, according to their specific characteristics.

Comparison between sprint training methods in different types of athletes

“…The subjects to which the following work refers are athletes belonging to the following categories: amputees, brain-damaged and normal-born. The aim of the research is to identify, from the recognition of scientific literature, a meeting point between the training methods applied on able-bodied athletes and on athletes with the aforementioned disabilities and to understand whether the latter are valid for all categories (disabled and non-disabled) (Pisapia et al, 2019).…”

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“…The pace setting should not be imposed but left to the sensations of each individual subject. To tracing accuratelythe actual distance traveled by the boy, measurements of the playing field were defined in a preliminary phase (Pisapia et al, 2019). This was then divided into sectors by using cones of different colors placed at specific distances.…”

Running and posture

“…Posture depends on a multitude of factors, based on the type of movement that one decides to perform, on the psychoemotional aspects of the subject and can be represented in a physiological manner or, in the worst case, in a pathological manner. By physiological, we mean when the muscular tone and the skeletal attitude are able to keep the organism in a state of equilibrium both in static and dynamic conditions, respecting the physiological curves of the spine and the alignment of all the subsystems that compose it, while by pathological we mean, instead, a physiological alteration as a consequence of a damage (Pisapia et al, 2019, Martino et la, 2019, Pisapia, D'Isanto, 2018, Cassese, Raiola, 2017. When something is wrong, the body puts into effect a series of adaptations that, if protracted over time, can be fixed as postural vices.…”