Pilot study on serum C‐reactive protein in pet rabbits: clinical usefulness

Abstract

ObjectivesThe present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) as an acute phase reactive protein in pet rabbits in clinical practice.MethodsThe CRP level using a rabbit CRP ELISA and white blood cell (WBC) count in pet rabbits (30 healthy controls and 62 with various diseases) were measured in the clinical practice setting. The CRP level and WBC count were measured before and after ovariohysterectomy of a healthy rabbit and a rabbit with uterine adenocarcinoma. The association between the CRP level and mortality in rabbits with various diseases was assessed.ResultsThe CRP level in healthy controls was 0.52±0.82 mg/dl (mean±SD). No age and sex-related differences in neither the CRP level nor WBC count were observed in the healthy control rabbits. The CRP levels in rabbits with gastrointestinal disease (n=22, 11.74±22.89 mg/dl), reproductive and urinary system disease (n=20, 21.19±49.68 mg/dl), dental disease (n=6, 4.87±5.47 mg/dl) and musculoskeletal disease (n=4, 85.66±107.28 mg/dl) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The CRP levels in rabbits with neurological disease (n=7, 2.55±1.79 mg/dl) and dermatological disease (n=3, 8.84±7.71 mg/dl) were higher than those in healthy controls, but no significant difference was observed. The WBC counts were not significantly different between rabbits with diseases and healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from two rabbits before and after ovariohysterectomy. In both rabbits, the CRP peaked on postoperative day 1, but no obvious WBC peak was observed. The mortality rate increased as the CRP level increased; the mortality rate was significantly higher in rabbits with a CRP level of ≥100 mg/dl than of <10 mg/dl.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the serum CRP level is useful to determine the disease status, monitor the treatment course and evaluate the prognosis in pet rabbits in clinical practice.

Endothelium‐Mimicking Surface Combats Thrombosis and Biofouling via Synergistic Long‐ and Short‐Distance Defense Strategy

“…Since the diameter of the catheter was 3 mm, the actual effective contact area was about 150 cm 2 with the length of 1.6 m. After the start of the blood flow, rabbit blood analysis (complete blood and serum) was taken at 0, 5, 30, and 60 min. Each blood collecting conducted the blood analysis including blood routine, APTT, and multiple serum indicators (CRP, [ 43 ] IL‐10, [ 44 ] C3a, [ 45 ] F1+2, [ 46 ] TNF‐α, [ 47 ] ALT, [ 48 ] and CRE [ 49 ] ) were measured at the beginning and end of the experiments by ELISAs. The detailed procedures and determinations of APTT and ELISA have been reported elsewhere.…”

Mussel-Inspired and Bioclickable Peptide Engineered Surface to Combat Thrombosis and Infection

“…In the case of this experiment, each rabbit only received one circuit (e.g., unmodified PVC or Cu-DOTA&AMP-modified tubing). Blood analysis including the APTT [51], F1 + 2 [52], C3a [53], CRP [54], WBC, PLT, IL-10 [55], TNF-α [56], ALT [57], and CRE [58] was performed by using the blood drawn from the running circulation at different periods of time (0, 5, 30, and 60 min). A portion of the freshly collected whole blood with and without anticoagulants was centrifuged (2500 rcf at 4 °C for 15 min) to collect plasma and serum, respectively.…”

Changes in the number of white blood cells and non-specific markers of inflammation in the body of rabbits in experimental osteoarthritis of the knee joint

“…Its high sensitivity and ease of analysis have made it an ideal marker of inflammation. It was discovered in 1930 by William Tillett [8] and Thomas Francis [8] of Rockefeller University. The researchers reported that the third serological fraction, or "fraction C," isolated from patients infected with pneumococci, differed from the capsule polysaccharide and nucleoprotein fractions that were detected by a specific antibody response.…”

“…The researchers reported that the third serological fraction, or "fraction C," isolated from patients infected with pneumococci, differed from the capsule polysaccharide and nucleoprotein fractions that were detected by a specific antibody response. Oswald Avery and McLean McCarthy [8], who postulated the "transformation principle" and the concept that genes are made up of DNA, also described that the levels of C-reactive protein as an "acute phase protein" were elevated in the serum of patients with inflammatory processes. Volanakis and Kaplan [8] later identified specific ligands capable of binding to C-reactive protein.…”