Pilot Study of Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Blood Flow Following Laser Photocoagulation in Poorly Controlled Diabetic Patients

Lee, Jennifer C.; Wong, Brandon; Tan, Ou; Srinivas, Sowmya; Sadda, Srinivas R; Huang, David; Fawzi, Amani A.

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12255

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, the clinical response to PRP was found to be affected with different confounding factors, including the degree of glycaemic control,42 which was not assessed in the current study. Lee et al 27 reported no significant difference in TRBF following PRP in a cohort of poorly controlled patients with PDR. Accordingly, the current study cannot provide conclusive results regarding the effect of PRP on retinal blood flow in patients with DR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Assessing total retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy using multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography

et al. 2017

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Aim To assess total retinal blood flow (TRBF) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) using multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A 70 kHz spectral-domain OCT system scanned a 2×2 mm area centred at the optic disc of the eyes with DR and healthy participants. The multiplane en face Doppler OCT algorithm generated a three-dimensional volumetric data set consisting of 195 en face planes. The TRBF was calculated from the maximum flow values of each branching retinal vein at an optimised en face plane. DR severity was graded according to the international clinical classification system. The generalised linear model method was used to compare flow values between DR groups and the control group. Results A total of 71 eyes from 71 participants were included. Ten eyes were excluded due to poor image quality. The within-visit repeatability of scans was 4.1% (coefficient of variation). There was no significant difference in the TRBF between the healthy (46.7±10.2 μL/min) and mild/moderate non-proliferative DR (44.9±12.6 μL/min) groups. The TRBF in severe non-proliferative DR (39.1±12.6 μL/min) and proliferative DR (28.9±8.85 μL/min) groups were significantly lower (p=0.04 and p<0.0001, respectively) than that of the healthy group. TRBF was correlated with DR disease severity (p<0.0001, linear trend test). Conclusion The novel multiplane en face Doppler OCT method provided reliable measurements of TRBF in DR eyes. This may be a useful tool in understanding the pathophysiology of DR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Assessing total retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy using multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography

et al. 2017

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“…236 baseline, but did not decrease further after PRP. 122 Blue field entoptic simulation technique was used to assess perifoveal capillary blood flow in DR. Sinclair reported increased capillary flow velocity with decreased density of the entoptically perceived leukocytes in diabetic eyes. 223 It was later shown that increased flow in the macular microcirculation may be associated with progression of DR; 75 however, a more recent report on T1DM patients with no or minimal retinopathy did not show significant difference in macular capillary blood flow.…”

Section: Fluorescein Angiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of flow dynamics in retinal and choroidal microcirculation

Wei

Balne

Meissner

et al. 2018

Survey of Ophthalmology

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Alterations in ocular blood flow have been implicated in mechanisms that lead to vision loss in patients with various ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Assessment of retinal and choroidal blood flow is also a window to evaluate systemic diseases that affect microvasculature. Quantification and qualification of the blood flow in the retina and choroid help us understand pathophysiology, stratify disease risk, and monitor disease progression in these disorders. Multiple methods are used by researchers for assessment of blood flow, but a gold standard is lacking. We review commonly used methods, both invasive and noninvasive, for evaluation of blood flow, including intravital microscopy, laser Doppler velocimetry, laser Doppler flowmetry, laser interferometry, confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle flowgraphy, Doppler optical coherence tomography, blue-field entoptic simulation, retinal vessel caliber assessment, optical coherence tomography angiography, retinal function imaging, color Doppler imaging, and scanning laser ophthalmoscope angiogram. As technology evolves, better evaluation of blood flow in various ocular and systemic diseases will likely bring new perspectives into clinical practice and translate to better diagnosis and treatment.

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“…Retinal vasculature is essential for evaluating retinal conditions and also for predicting the progression of some visionthreatening retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vein occlusions (RVO) [1][2][3]. Accurate in vivo measurement of retinal blood flow can be used to monitor some retinal diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Eyes among Young Chinese Adults

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Purpose. To evaluate the influence of systemic and ocular factors on the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in young Chinese subjects’ healthy eyes. Methods. The current observational, cross-sectional study included 344 eyes from 172 healthy individuals (103 women, 69 men). Optical coherence tomography angiography realized with the split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) algorithm was used to assess the area of superficial FAZ. To determine the related factors and to reveal their potential correlations with the FAZ area, comprehensive examinations including both systemic and ocular ones were executed. Systemic examination involved factors including age, gender, and body mass index, while ocular examination involved factors including BCVA, refractive error, intraocular pressure, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness. Especially for fundus examination, central macular thickness (CMT), retinal volume, mean retinal thickness, macular blood flow area/vessel density in the superficial retinal layer (SRL) and deep retinal layer (DRL), mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, C/D rate, rim area, and subfoveal choroid thickness were assessed, using mixed-effects regression models to appropriately account for intereye correlation. Subgroup analyses were performed based on gender and high myopia categories. Results. The mean FAZ area was 0.30±0.11 mm2 and varied significantly across gender (P=0.0024). AL, CMT, and RNFL thickness were found significantly correlated with the FAZ area in the univariate regression analysis (AL, P=0.0005; CMT, P<0.0001; and RNFL thickness, P=0.0461). According to the multivariate results, CMT and macular blood flow in SRL were negatively correlated with FAZ (CMT: P<0.0001; macular blood flow in SRL: P=0.00223). Mean retinal thickness, mean GCL thickness, and macular blood flow in DRL were positively correlated with FAZ (mean retinal thickness: P=0.0005; mean GCL thickness: P<0.0001; and macular blood flow in DRL: P=0.0099). Correlation results among these filtered factors and FAZ were more pronounced in non-high-myopic eyes than in high-myopic eyes and had a significant difference when data of male and female subjects were processed separately from each other. Conclusion. The present cross-sectional study performed comprehensive systemic and ocular examinations in young Chinese adults and filtered factors affecting FAZ. We indicated that among all the assessed candidate factors, gender, AL, retinal thickness, macular blood flow, RNFL, and GCL thickness affected the FAZ area most significantly. Such findings would facilitate future research concerning the role of FAZ variation in fundus diseases.

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Pilot Study of Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Blood Flow Following Laser Photocoagulation in Poorly Controlled Diabetic Patients

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Assessing total retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy using multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography

Assessing total retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy using multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography

Assessment of flow dynamics in retinal and choroidal microcirculation

Factors Affecting the Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Eyes among Young Chinese Adults

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