Pilot study of dietary fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of adult periodontitis

Rosenstein, Elliot D.; Kushner, Laura J.; Kramer, Neil; Kazandjian, Gregory

doi:10.1016/s0952-3278(02)00272-7

Cited by 78 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the presence of ASA, acetylated COX-2 converts DHA into 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, in which the hydroxyl group is in the R configuration, which leads to ASA-triggered resolvins with enhanced proresolution effects. Clinically, neither N-3 supplementation (eicosapentaenoic acid, 3,000 mg daily; Rosenstein et al, 2003) nor ASA (Faizuddin et al, 2012) by itself appears to significantly affect periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The trial randomized 30 subjects with periodontitis to receive 12 wk of systemic therapy of eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, an omega-6 fatty acid), both eicosapentaenoic acid and GLA, or olive oil (placebo; Rosenstein et al, 2003). They found a significant decrease in PD and gingival index in patients supplemented with 3,000 mg of daily GLA alone compared to placebo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Docosahexaenoic Acid and Periodontitis in Adults

Naqvi

Hastürk²,

Lin

et al. 2014

J Dent Res

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Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria, resulting in bone resorption, tooth loss, and systemic inflammation. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce periodontitis in animals. We aimed to determine whether DHA supplementation with low-dose aspirin would reduce periodontitis in humans. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial lasting 3 mo. Fifty-five adults with moderate periodontitis were randomized to 2,000 mg of DHA or identical soy/corn oil capsules. All participants received 81 mg of aspirin but received no other treatments. We analyzed the primary outcome of per-pocket change in pocket depth using mixed models among teeth with pocket depth ≥5 mm. Secondary outcomes assessed with generalized estimating equations included gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding on probing. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were analyzed for changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukins 6 and 1β (IL-6 and IL-1β). Plasma was analyzed for changes in systemic inflammatory markers, including hsCRP. We confirmed adherence with erythrocyte fatty acid measurement. Forty-six participants completed the trial. While similar at baseline, the proportion of DHA in red blood cell plasma membranes increased from 3.6% ± 0.9% to 6.2% ± 1.6% in the intervention group but did not change among controls. DHA supplementation decreased mean pocket depth (-0.29 ± 0.13; p = .03) and gingival index (-0.26 ± 0.13; p = .04). Plaque index and bleeding on probing did not change. Significant adjusted differences were found between DHA and control for both gingival crevicular fluid hsCRP (-5.3 ng/mL, standard error [SE] = 2.4, p = .03) and IL-1β (-20.1 pg/mL, SE = 8.2, p = .02) but not IL-6 (0.02 pg/mL, SE = 0.71, p = .98) or systemic hsCRP (-1.19 mg/L, SE = 0.90, p = .20). In this randomized controlled trial, aspirin-triggered DHA supplementation significantly improved periodontal outcomes in people with periodontitis, indicating its potential therapeutic efficacy (clinicaltrials.gov NTC01976806).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Periodontitis in Adults

Naqvi

Hastürk²,

Lin

et al. 2014

J Dent Res

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“…It has also been reported that the n-6 PUFA levels in the serum are higher in periodontitis patients, suggesting that an imbalance between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may contribute to susceptibility to oral bone loss (Requirand et al, 2000). Topical application of n-3 or n-6 fatty acids failed to inhibit the development of experimental gingivitis (Eberhard et al, 2002), although Rosenstein et al (2003) suggested that dietary fatty acid supplementation in adult periodontitis correlated with an improvement in gingival inflammation. Treatment of rats with fish oil significantly reduced osteoclasts and pre-osteoclasts following pulp exposure (Indahyani et al, 2002), significantly reduced the gingival tissue levels of lipid inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced experimental periodontitis (Vardar et al, 2004), and reduced osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone resorption, suggesting that this model may be useful in exploring hostbacterial interactions leading to periodontitis (Iwami-Morimoto et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

et al. 2006

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Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption are hallmarks of adult periodontitis, elicited in response to oral micro-organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. We hypothesized that omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FA) dietary supplementation would modulate inflammatory reactions leading to periodontal disease in infected rats. Rats were fed fish oil (ω-3 FA) or corn oil (n-6 FA) diets for 22 weeks and were infected with P. gingivalis. Rats on the ω-3 FA diet exhibited elevated serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), documenting diet-induced changes. PCR analyses demonstrated that rats were orally colonized by P. gingivalis; increased IgG antibody levels substantiated this infection. P. gingivalis-infected rats treated with ω-3 FA had significantly less alveolar bone resorption. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of an ω-3 FA-supplemented diet in modulating alveolar bone resorption following P. gingivalis infection, and supported that ω-3 FA may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease. Abbreviations: PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; and PCR, polymerase chain-reaction.

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“…The use of borage oil supplementation could have beneficial effects on periodontal inflammation. Omega-6 PUFA supplementation seemed to offer more impressive results than either omega-3 PUFA supplementation or the combination of lower doses of both supplements [27]. In a nationally representative cross-sectional study of 9182 adults, aged 20 years, by Naqvi et al, higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA, were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Efficacy of Omega 3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Obese Patients: A Pilot Study

S¹

2014

IOSRJDMS

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Pilot study of dietary fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of adult periodontitis

Cited by 78 publications

References 35 publications

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Periodontitis in Adults

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Periodontitis in Adults

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

Evaluation of Efficacy of Omega 3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Obese Patients: A Pilot Study

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