Pilot Study: Does Contamination with Enniatin B and Beauvericin Affect the Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals Commonly Used in Animal Feeding?

Abstract

Increasing consumption of cereals has been associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases, as they contain phytochemicals that combat oxidative stress. Cereal contamination by the “emerging mycotoxins” beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) is a worldwide health problem that has not yet received adequate scientific attention. Their presence in feeds represents a risk for animals and a potential risk for humans because of their carry-over to animal-derived products. This preliminary study aimed to investigate if the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of corn, barley, and wheat flours could be influenced by contamination with increasing levels of BEA and ENN B. The highest TAC value was observed in barley compared with wheat and corn (p < 0.001) before and after contamination. No effect of mycotoxin or mycotoxin level was found, whereas cereal x mycotoxin exhibited a significant effect (p < 0.001), showing a lower TAC value in wheat contaminated by ENN B and in barley contaminated by BEA. In conclusion, barley is confirmed as a source of natural antioxidants with antiradical potentials. Additional studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the obtained results, and investigations of the toxic effects of these emergent mycotoxins on animals and humans should be deepened.

Molecular Selectivity in the Binding of Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, First-Row Transition Metals, and Lanthanides with Cyclic Depsipeptides

“…ENN and BEA possess amphiphilic properties, as they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. This characteristic influences their interactions with biological membranes and contributes to their bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, insecticidal, and ionophoric activities. ,− However, ENN and BEA are also common contaminants of food and feed. − …”

A comparison between the role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in Fusarium virulence on different tissues of common wheat

“…Early experiments in plants described an inhibition of germination and induction of wilting [ 68 , 69 ]. Recent studies have demonstrated the induction of cell death, oxidative stress, as well as the reduction of shoot length in response to ENB [ 37 , 70 ]. The role of ENNs in F. avenaceum virulence was preliminarily hypothesized [ 71 ] and subsequently confirmed in potato tubers [ 72 ].…”