Pilot scale field test for compostable packaging materials in the City of Kassel, Germany

Klauß, Matthias; Bidlingmaier, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2003.08.004

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In general, similar patterns during the composting of the OFMSW with and without compostable diapers were obtained, as it has been observed with other biodegradable polymers used at field scale (Klauss and Bidlingmaier, 2004). Figure 2 shows the temperature profile measured during the composting process, temperature followed the typical pattern of a composting process and thermophilic temperatures were achieved in both cases during several days (Barrena et al, 2006a;Ruggieri et al, 2008;Pognani et al, 2012).…”

Section: Full-scale Experimentssupporting

confidence: 74%

Performance of compostable baby used diapers in the composting process with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

et al. 2013

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In modern societies, disposable diapers constitute a significant percentage of municipal solid wastes. They have been traditionally landfilled or incinerated as only limited recycling processes are being implemented in some parts of Europe. With the implementation of separated collection systems for the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSWs) and the need to preserve the environment, compostable diapers have appeared in the market to avoid the main environmental impacts associated to non-biodegradable disposable diapers. In this study, a full-scale composting of door-to-door collected OFMSW with a 3% (w/w) of compostable diapers has also been carried out. Previously, lab-scale experiments confirmed that almost 50% of carbon of compostable diapers is emitted as CO2 under aerobic controlled conditions. The results obtained at full-scale demonstrate that both the composting process and the final end product (compost) are not altered by the presence of compostable diapers in crucial aspects such as pathogenic content, stability and elemental composition (including nutrients and heavy metals). The main conclusion of this study is that the collection of the OFMSW with compostable diapers can be a new way to transform this waste into high-quality compost.

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Section: Full-scale Experimentssupporting

confidence: 74%

Performance of compostable baby used diapers in the composting process with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

et al. 2013

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“…Eco-labeling has been adopted by many developed countries and also succeeded; for example, the UK and the European Union (EU) have adapted eco-labeling to reduce the plastic pollution in the ocean [286]. Many Nordic regions such as Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland have adopted eco-labeling, and it is widely used in those countries [293]. The European Commission in January 2018 embraced a strategy that proposed reusing and recycling all the plastic packaging and also to reduce single-use plastic and microplastic consumption [288].…”

Section: Policy Interventions To Minimize Plastic Pollution and Plastic Waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

et al. 2021

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Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Plastic waste exposed to the environment creates problems and is of significant concern for all life forms. Plastic production and accumulation in the natural environment are occurring at an unprecedented rate due to indiscriminate use, inadequate recycling, and deposits in landfills. In 2019, the global production of plastic was at 370 million tons, with only 9% of it being recycled, 12% being incinerated, and the remaining left in the environment or landfills. The leakage of plastic wastes into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is occurring at an unprecedented rate. The management of plastic waste is a challenging problem for researchers, policymakers, citizens, and other stakeholders. Therefore, here, we summarize the current understanding and concerns of plastics pollution (microplastics or nanoplastics) on natural ecosystems. The overall goal of this review is to provide background assessment on the adverse effects of plastic pollution on natural ecosystems; interlink the management of plastic pollution with sustainable development goals; address the policy initiatives under transdisciplinary approaches through life cycle assessment, circular economy, and sustainability; identify the knowledge gaps; and provide current policy recommendations. Plastic waste management through community involvement and socio-economic inputs in different countries are presented and discussed. Plastic ban policies and public awareness are likely the major mitigation interventions. The need for life cycle assessment and circularity to assess the potential environmental impacts and resources used throughout a plastic product’s life span is emphasized. Innovations are needed to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover plastics and find eco-friendly replacements for plastics. Empowering and educating communities and citizens to act collectively to minimize plastic pollution and use alternative options for plastics must be promoted and enforced. Plastic pollution is a global concern that must be addressed collectively with the utmost priority.

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“…In Germany, a society implementation project was organized from 2001 to 2002 in the city of Kassel. Figure summarizes the Kassel project . Over a 1.5 year period, 15 biodegradable products, which equaled 31 tons, were sold at 80 shops and returned to a composting facility called Biobins by customers, via the shops.…”

Section: Three Social Implementation Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Bioplastics and Fossil‐Based Plastics Play in a Circular Economy?

Kawashima

Yagi

Kojima

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Because plastics contribute to healthy and sound everyday life, global usage volume of plastic is expected to increase. However, the chemical industry is facing challenges in plastics from the viewpoints of resource depletion and environmental burden. These trends have led to discussions on how plastics should move forward in a sustainable society and a circular economy considering resource conversion, efficient after‐use utilization, and environmental protection. Bioplastics, both bio‐based and biodegradable, have reemerged as potential solutions. To clarify the role of bio‐based, biodegradable, and fossil‐based plastics, it is meaningful to assess lessons learned from experiences in the 1990s and 2000s. Although industries have been delivering solutions through the provision of materials, a coordinated and innovative approach throughout the value chain is necessary to achieve an integrated business model that incorporates efficient resource utilization, applications, and after‐use utilization, including chemical recycling, mechanical recycling, and energy/thermal recovery.

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Pilot scale field test for compostable packaging materials in the City of Kassel, Germany

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of compostable baby used diapers in the composting process with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Performance of compostable baby used diapers in the composting process with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

How Do Bioplastics and Fossil‐Based Plastics Play in a Circular Economy?

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