Pilot-scale data provide enhanced estimates of the life cycle energy and emissions profile of algae biofuels produced via hydrothermal liquefaction

Liu, Xiaowei; Saydah, Benjamin; Eranki, Pragnya L.; Colosi, Lisa M.; Mitchell, B. Greg; Rhodes, James; Clarens, Andres F.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.112

Cited by 221 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(Liu, et al, 2013) This result supports an earlier result where research simulated a functional 1,000MJ energy algae biodiesel production facility. (Sander, op. cit) These and other optimistic findings regarding the GHG advantage of algae biodiesel and not shared universally.…”

Section: Ghg Emissions and Algal Fuelsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…(Beal, 2011) Restricting the analysis to biodiesel produced from algae, Shirvani found that algae based biodiesel required 2.5 times the energy of conventional biodiesel, almost as high energy fossil fuels. (Shirvani,2011) This finding is supported by Liu. (Liu, 2013) In contrast, an Australian study that examined both energy efficiency and GHG emissions of algal fuel concluded that algal fuel had a lower EBR for certain methods of producing algal fuel compared to the greater energy balance of canola biodiesel or fossil biodiesel fuels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…On the energy front, it is argued that algal fuel has a better EROI (energy return on investment) than biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol. (Liu, et al, 2013) Furthermore, algae can be grown on land that is void of any vegetation, avoiding the deforestation that may take place when growing oilseed plants for biodiesel. Algae can be harvested daily or weekly compared to oilseed-based biofuels or corn and sugar ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency and Environmental Metrics of Algal Fuel

Auld

2015

EMSD

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Energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction effectiveness and cost are the major characteristics that determine the commercial production, consumption and potential subsidization of non-fossil, renewable fuels. This paper sets out a basic model by which the characteristics of algal fuel can be examined and in doing so, conclusions are reached regarding the likelihood of algal fuel becoming a major biofuel in the immediate and near-term future and the potential subsidy entitlement of the fuel.

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Section: Ghg Emissions and Algal Fuelsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency and Environmental Metrics of Algal Fuel

Auld

2015

EMSD

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“…In all these studies, the major contributors to the overall lifecycle burden are the algae cultivation and pretreatment steps, and therefore further energy recovery of the lipid-extracted algal residue is highly beneficial. Algal biofuel production via HTL appears more beneficial as demonstrated by a previous life-cycle analysis giving an energy-return-on-investment of a full-scale process comparable to fossil-derived diesel and gasoline, whilst the greenhouse gas emissions were reduced to less than a third [34].…”

Section: Effect Of Ipa Concentration On Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Hydrothermal Conversion of Lipid-Extracted Microalgae Hydrolysate in the Presence of Isopropanol and Steel Furnace Residues

Wagner

Perin

Coelho

et al. 2017

Waste Biomass Valor

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Methods In order to enhance oil yields, the reaction was conducted in the presence of varying loadings of iso-propyl alcohol (IPA) and applied two waste steel furnace residues as potential liquefaction catalysts. Results Primarily, The lipid extraction process needs to be optimized to reduce the amount of acid contaminant within the liquefaction medium. For the HTL process, the addition of 50 vol% IPA resulted in remarkably high oil yields of up to 60.2 wt% on an organic basis, whereas the two furnace residues had no positive effect on the product distribution, and instead favoured the formation of solid reaction products. Nevertheless, the results suggested that the presence of iron potentially reduced the nitrogen and oxygen content of the bio-oil. Conclusions As such, HTL is a suitable method for valorising lipid-extracted algal biomass, where the bio-oil yields can be enhanced substantially by using IPA in conjunction with the water.

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“…As exposed before, some studies presenting Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) of algae biofuels are conflicting (Lardon et al, 2009;Clarens et al, 2010;Collet et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2013). Therefore no agreement was reached in this statement (38 percent agree/28 percent neither agree nor disagree/ 34 percent disagree).…”

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confidence: 98%

Qualitative Delphi approach of advanced algae biofuels

Ribeiro

Silva

2015

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Purpose -Currently, experimental and theoretical work is being performed to ensure that biofuels from microalgae become a reality. However, there is a considerable number of discussions concerning in which processes should be focussed efforts of research and development. The purpose of this paper is to provide decision support not only to help build guidelines of research to be undertaken, but also to contribute to the design of more adequate policy and funding instruments. The key objective of this study is to determine the prospects of employing microalgae into the production of biofuels within a time scale extending to 2030. Design/methodology/approach -The Delphi method is a qualitative research aiming to support strategic future-oriented action, such as policy making in the areas of science and technology. It is especially appropriate in judgment and long-range forecasting (20-30 years) situations, when expert opinions are often the only source of information available, due to a lack of appropriate historical, economic or technical data. Findings -The Delphi method proved to be a successful research method when expert opinions are the main source of information available, due to a lack of appropriate historical, economic or technical data and the outcomes provided a clear outline of the main issues of microalgae biofuels' market at present and in the future.Research limitations/implications -The outcomes might not represent the majority of the microalgae experts' opinion due to the sample size. Originality/value -The work presented in this paper is especially original. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first qualitative Delphi study related to algae biofuels.

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Pilot-scale data provide enhanced estimates of the life cycle energy and emissions profile of algae biofuels produced via hydrothermal liquefaction

Cited by 221 publications

References 25 publications

Efficiency and Environmental Metrics of Algal Fuel

Efficiency and Environmental Metrics of Algal Fuel

Hydrothermal Conversion of Lipid-Extracted Microalgae Hydrolysate in the Presence of Isopropanol and Steel Furnace Residues

Qualitative Delphi approach of advanced algae biofuels

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