This study was completed for the Division of Energy Conversion and Utilization Technologies (ECUT) in the Department of Energy. The division's mission is to identify and research long-range technology concepts that are attractive for more efficient energy use. To meet its goals, the ECUT staff established a planning and systems analysis project that was responsible for conducting this study. This report is one of a series of studies in support of the ECUT research planning effort. Other documents in the series contain assessments of energy conservation technology areas~ methods to appraise research projects for support, and data reference sources. Publications from this project include the Industrial Waste Heat Recovery ..