Pilot Motivation and Performance: Theoretical and Empirical Relationships

Frederick-Recascino, Christina; Hall, Steven M.

doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap1304_05

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sustained attention refers to one' s ability to focus on a given task for prolonged periods (Warm, Dember, & Hancock, 1996). Research has shown significant effects of sustained attention (Davies & Parasuraman, 1982) and motivation (Frederick-Recascino & Hall, 2003) on job performance. Similarly, "experts in the work practice, by nature of their involvement with their work, have an intrinsic motivation that learners lack" (Quintana, Krajick, & Soloway, 2003, p. 826).…”

Section: Sustained Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Cognition in Intelligence Analysis

Trent

Patterson

Woods

2007

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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Intelligence analysis is a high-stakes domain that poses challenges to effective individual and collaborative cognition. The design of support tools and analytical pedagogy could benefit from an understanding of how challenges that are reported in other decision-making literature generalize and are manifested in more naturalistic settings. The objective of this research was to elicit challenges for cognition in collaborative intelligence analysis. Two complementary research methods were used: unstructured interviews with 46 analysts and supervisors, and observations of eight teams of military intelligence analysts conducting a training scenario. Interviews with designers, educators, and practitioners in the intelligence community revealed trends in unsupported cognitive work and cultural challenges, whereas observations from a training exercise for army intelligence analysts instantiated other cognitive challenges of collaborative analysis. This study indicates that analytical style (part tradition and part due to individual reasoning tendencies) can result in premature narrowing, difficulty in reframing, and getting lost in the details. The study also illustrates the effects of friction within and across federated teams, how variable tempo can produce inexpert behavior, and considerations for the design of analytical support tools. This work suggests the value of complementary research methods in the study of other domains involving collaborative work. It is likely that these cognitive challenges affect other domains involving collaborative analysis. Finally, this study suggests that the effects of individual cognitive challenges are difficult to isolate in naturalistic settings and should most likely be considered collectively rather than independently.Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be in peril. -Sun Tzu (Heuer, 1999) and collaborative (Johnston, 2005) cognition. Analysts must find and assemble data on an intelligent adversary in order to present a coherent reflection of reality for a decision maker. Intelligence data are cluttered with nondiagnostic information, and the cognitive work is environmentally constrained by factors such as time, weather, data overload, and the need to work in distributed teams. In collecting and analyzing information, analysts are hampered by brittle collection assets 75 Downloaded from and analytical support tools of questionable usability and usefulness. These tools, including some new ones that are being developed, often actually add to the work of the analyst because they were not designed to adequately support these experts' work in the first place. INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS IS A HIGH-STAKES DOMAIN THAT POSES CHALLENGES TO INDIVIDUALThe Army' s All-Source Analysis System (ASAS) required a team of four enlisted analysts to perform database management and plot data for analysis by a senior analyst. Ultimately, both versions of ASAS went unused during the 1991 and 2003 U.S. invasions of Iraq. The requirements for its replacement system were gener...

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Section: Sustained Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Cognition in Intelligence Analysis

Trent

Patterson

Woods

2007

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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“…A combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators has been shown to improve health worker motivation ( 6 ), retention, and performance ( 2 ). Improved performance can provide a sense of achievement, resulting in greater motivation, but it is difficult to achieve when little motivation initially exists ( 7 ). Thus, motivation and performance can be mutually reinforcing ( 3 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can performance-based incentives improve motivation of nurses and midwives in primary facilities in northern Ghana? A quasi-experimental study

Aninanya

Howard

Williams

et al. 2016

Global Health Action

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BackgroundLack of an adequate and well-performing health workforce has emerged as the biggest barrier to scaling up health services provision in sub-Saharan Africa. As the global community commits to the Sustainable Development Goals and universal health coverage, health workforce challenges are critical. In northern Ghana, performance-based incentives (PBIs) were introduced to improve health worker motivation and service quality.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine the impact of PBIs on maternal health worker motivation in two districts in northern Ghana.DesignA quasi-experimental study design with pre- and post-intervention measurement was used. PBIs were implemented for 2 years in six health facilities in Kassena-Nankana District with six health facilities in Builsa District serving as comparison sites. Fifty pre- and post-intervention structured interviews and 66 post-intervention in-depth interviews were conducted with health workers. Motivation was assessed using constructs for job satisfaction, pride, intrinsic motivation, timelines/attendance, and organisational commitment. Quantitative data were analysed to determine changes in motivation between intervention and comparison facilities pre- and post-intervention using STATA™ version 13. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo 10 to explore possible reasons for quantitative findings.ResultsPBIs were associated with slightly improved maternal health worker motivation. Mean values for overall motivation between intervention and comparison health workers were 0.6 versus 0.7 at baseline and 0.8 versus 0.7 at end line, respectively. Differences at baseline and end line were 0.1 (p=0.40 and p=0.50 respectively), with an overall 0.01 difference in difference (p=0.90). Qualitative interviews indicated that PBIs encouraged health workers to work harder and be more punctual, increasing reported pride and job satisfaction.ConclusionsThe results contribute evidence on the effects of PBIs on motivational constructs among maternal health workers in primary care facilities in northern Ghana. PBIs appeared to improve motivation, but not dramatically, and the long-term and unintended effects of their introduction require additional study.

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“…The energy is the driving force behind the individual's effort and performance, whereas the direction pertains to the interest, in which the effort is directed. However, both dimensions are essential, as energy without direction has no purpose, and direction without energy results in a state of "amotivation" (Frederick-Recascino and Hall, 2003). Williams (1995) defines motivation as "what causes people to act, the willingness of people to work in order to achieve goals, the reason to do things and a directed behaviour used to satisfy the needs".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prominent demotivational factors influencing the productivity of construction project managers in Qatar

Jarkas¹,

Radosavljević

Liu³

2014

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management

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Purpose – An extensive search of the literature revealed a dearth of research on the demotivational factors affecting the performance and productivity level of site-based construction project managers. Following the announcement of awarding the FIFA 2022 World Cup hosting rights to the State of Qatar, the State is pledging to spend tens of Billions of Dollars on hundreds of new construction projects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify, explore, and rank the relative importance of the demotivational factors influencing the productivity of the State's construction management force. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire survey comprising 38 potential demotivational factors, which were shortlisted based on relevant previous studies on the impact of motivation on construction productivity, and numerous interviews with local industry professionals, was distributed to a relatively large sample of site-resident project managers. Using the “Relative Importance Index” technique, the influence ranks of the factors explored were determined. Findings – The results obtained reveal the following as the prominent demotivational factors influencing the productivity of construction project managers: lack of financial incentive schemes; slow decision-making process by owners; remuneration scale; delay in responding to Requests For Information (RFI); shortage of skilled labour force; shortage of materials; clarity and completeness of technical specifications; frequent changing orders during execution; drawings quality level; and rework. Research limitations/implications – It is clear, based on the outcomes, that the cultural background of individuals, and the prevalent practices within the environment in which they operate, are two critical factors in determining their motivation drivers. Hence, it is prudent to explore the dominant culture and values of the management workforce, in addition to the characteristics of the working environment, before trying to apply relevant motivational theories, or even implement new management strategies. Practical implications – The results demonstrate that, within the geographical setting and cultural aspects of the sample surveyed, “tributes” and “pecuniary” may be interpreted to have the largest effect on the productivity of construction project managers. Originality/value – The findings not only contribute to the overall body of knowledge related to the effect of the motivation phenomenon on the productivity of the construction operation, but can also be used to provide industry practitioners with guidance for focusing, acting upon, and controlling the significant demotivational factors affecting the efficiency of the construction project management force practicing in State.

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Pilot Motivation and Performance: Theoretical and Empirical Relationships

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Challenges for Cognition in Intelligence Analysis

Challenges for Cognition in Intelligence Analysis

Can performance-based incentives improve motivation of nurses and midwives in primary facilities in northern Ghana? A quasi-experimental study

Prominent demotivational factors influencing the productivity of construction project managers in Qatar

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