Pilot demonstration of concentrated solar-powered desalination of subsurface agricultural drainage water and other brackish groundwater sources

Stuber, Matthew D.; Sullivan, Christopher; Kirk, Spencer A.; Farrand, Jennifer A.; Schillaci, Philip V.; Fojtasek, Brian D.; Mandell, A.H.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.037

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…According to a report by International Desalination Association, desalination technology is expected to be growing fastest in the countries like South Africa, Jordan, Libya, Mexico, Chile, India, and China in the next 5 years [7]. According to a report by International Desalination Association, desalination technology is expected to be growing fastest in the countries like South Africa, Jordan, Libya, Mexico, Chile, India, and China in the next 5 years [7].…”

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“…Detailed comprehensive review of researches carried out on active solar still system considering their designs, performance parameters, different hybrid combinations, along with challenges, opportunities, future scope of improvements have also been highlighted.Desalination/Distillation is a thermal energy based process of separating pure water from saline/brackish water. According to a report by International Desalination Association, desalination technology is expected to be growing fastest in the countries like South Africa, Jordan, Libya, Mexico, Chile, India, and China in the next 5 years [7]. Desalination process based on a physical change in state of water, membranes, and chemical bond are briefly explained in the next section.Skin damage, problems with circulatory systems, thyroid, allergy, and kidney damage 3.Microorganisms (cryptosporidium, legionella, Escherichia coli, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Desalination/Distillation is a thermal energy based process of separating pure water from saline/brackish water. According to a report by International Desalination Association, desalination technology is expected to be growing fastest in the countries like South Africa, Jordan, Libya, Mexico, Chile, India, and China in the next 5 years [7]. Desalination process based on a physical change in state of water, membranes, and chemical bond are briefly explained in the next section.…”

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Study of water desalination techniques and a review on active solar distillation methods

Manchanda

Kumar

2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Energy crisis and water born diseases caused by impure water are two major concerns of the present era. Various techniques have been used to make saline/brackish water potable. Filtration, precipitation, sterilization, chemical treatment, etc. are some processes that remove macro impurities from impure water. Distillation is thermal energy‐based process that effectively removes contaminants from impure water. Reverse osmosis is a membrane‐based technique widely used for the purification purposes. Electrodialysis, Ion‐exchange, and Freezing are some other processes used to get soft/distilled water for various commercial and domestic uses. Most of the desalination techniques utilize energy from the nonrenewable energy sources. Solar distillation is one of the solutions of getting potable water using solar energy. Solar distillation unit coupled with thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels, and concentrators makes the system active and increases the distillate three to six times than conventional units. Multistage, multieffect active solar still is observed to give an average distillate output of 20 kg/m2/d. Economic analysis also shows that active solar still is a good replacement of nonrenewable energy based water purification techniques. In this article, different water desalination techniques with their economic analysis are briefly discussed. Detailed comprehensive review of researches carried out on active solar still system considering their designs, performance parameters, different hybrid combinations, along with challenges, opportunities, future scope of improvements have also been highlighted. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 444–464, 2018

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Study of water desalination techniques and a review on active solar distillation methods

Manchanda

Kumar

2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…CSP technology is also capable of treating saltwater directly, by distilling the generated steam into freshwater [20]. Pilot-scale CSP desalination systems have successfully demonstrated their capability to recycle agricultural run-off with high salinities [22]. Small-scale solar desalination systems (SODESAL) also have the potential to provide freshwater solutions for deployment for disaster relief, permanent off-grid recycled water, residential and communal potable water and seawater purification.…”

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Design and Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator

Skouras¹

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Design and Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar ConcentratorGeorge Nicholas Skouras A prototype solar desalination system (SODESAL) with a parabolic-trough solar concentrator (PTSC) and evacuated tube was designed and analyzed to determine the solar thermal capabilities for small-scale distillation and energy generation. A proof-of-concept study verified that distillation is possible with the system as designed, however a rupture occurred in the copper heat-pipe heat exchanger due to overheating. The internal temperatures of an aluminum heat transfer fin were measured inside an evacuated tube typically used in solar water heater systems to understand the lateral heat distribution and identify possible causes of the rupture. Solar radiation was measured for both the summer and winter solstices to understand the relationship between incident solar radiation and the potential freshwater yield of the system. The lateral heat distribution of the AHTF is dependent upon the PTSC's solar incident angle. A consistent lateral heat distribution occurred across the AHTF approximately 40 mins after solar noon. The temperature difference between each end of the AHTF can exceed over 225 °C leading up to and following solar noon when the PTSC was set at a static slope. The SODESAL system's future applications, system improvements and additional research are also discussed along with the capability of small-scale CSP systems.

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