Abstract:Both the potassium titanyl phosphate and the bipolar radiofrequency techniques were safe and easy to use for tonsillectomy, with reduced operative time, blood loss and complication rates and better post-operative general patient condition. Potassium titanyl phosphate laser resulted in reduced operative bleeding and immediate post-operative pain, compared with the bipolar radiofrequency technique. However, potassium titanyl phosphate laser required slightly more operative time and caused more late post-operativ… Show more
“…PTH may have been reported as primary (generally defined as occurring within 24 hours of surgery), secondary (generally defined as occurring >24 hours postoperatively), or at an undefined or unspecified time. 8…”
Objective
To assess post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH), associated non-operative readmissions/revisits, and reoperations in children.
Data Sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.
Review Methods
Two investigators independently screened studies against predetermined criteria and extracted key data. Investigators independently assessed study risk of bias and the strength of the evidence of the body of literature. We calculated unadjusted pooled estimates of PTH frequency and also conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis to estimate frequency of primary and secondary PTH and PTH-associated reoperation and revisits/readmissions by partial and total tonsillectomy and surgical approach.
Results
In meta-analysis, the frequency of primary and secondary PTH associated with total and partial tonsillectomy was below 4% for any technique and with overlapping confidence bounds. Pooled frequencies of PTH were also below 5% overall (4.2% for total tonsillectomy; 1.5% for partial tonsillectomy) in comparative studies. Fewer PTH occurred with tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing than throat infection. In meta-analysis, frequency of PTH-associated non-operative revisits/readmission or reoperation ranged from 0.2% to 5.7% for total tonsillectomy and from 0.1% to 3.7% for partial tonsillectomy. At least four deaths were reported in case series including 1,778,342 children.
Conclusions
PTH occurred in roughly 4% of tonsillectomies in studies included in this review. Though studies typically did not report bleeding severity or amount, relatively few episodes of PTH necessitated reoperation for hemostasis. Nonetheless, tonsillectomy is not without risk of harm. Frequency of PTH across techniques was similar; thus we cannot conclude that a given technique is superior.
“…PTH may have been reported as primary (generally defined as occurring within 24 hours of surgery), secondary (generally defined as occurring >24 hours postoperatively), or at an undefined or unspecified time. 8…”
Objective
To assess post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH), associated non-operative readmissions/revisits, and reoperations in children.
Data Sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.
Review Methods
Two investigators independently screened studies against predetermined criteria and extracted key data. Investigators independently assessed study risk of bias and the strength of the evidence of the body of literature. We calculated unadjusted pooled estimates of PTH frequency and also conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis to estimate frequency of primary and secondary PTH and PTH-associated reoperation and revisits/readmissions by partial and total tonsillectomy and surgical approach.
Results
In meta-analysis, the frequency of primary and secondary PTH associated with total and partial tonsillectomy was below 4% for any technique and with overlapping confidence bounds. Pooled frequencies of PTH were also below 5% overall (4.2% for total tonsillectomy; 1.5% for partial tonsillectomy) in comparative studies. Fewer PTH occurred with tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing than throat infection. In meta-analysis, frequency of PTH-associated non-operative revisits/readmission or reoperation ranged from 0.2% to 5.7% for total tonsillectomy and from 0.1% to 3.7% for partial tonsillectomy. At least four deaths were reported in case series including 1,778,342 children.
Conclusions
PTH occurred in roughly 4% of tonsillectomies in studies included in this review. Though studies typically did not report bleeding severity or amount, relatively few episodes of PTH necessitated reoperation for hemostasis. Nonetheless, tonsillectomy is not without risk of harm. Frequency of PTH across techniques was similar; thus we cannot conclude that a given technique is superior.
“…These include lasers, 1 , 2 coblation, 3 , 4 ultrasonic scalpels, 5 , 6 cryosurgery, 7 argon plasma scalpels, 8 bipolar electrosurgical scissors 9 and intracapsular microdebriders 10 . The ideal tonsillectomy procedure should achieve efficient, safe and atraumatic tonsil removal with minimal blood loss and post-operative morbidity 2 . Post-tonsillectomy morbidities include pain, primary or reactionary haemorrhage (at under 24 hours), and post-operative infection, which can result in secondary or delayed haemorrhage (at over 24 hours) 11 .…”
Both coblation and diode laser tonsillectomy are associated with significantly reduced blood loss and shorter operative times compared with cold dissection tonsillectomy. However, we advocate coblation tonsillectomy because of the lower post-operative pain scores compared with diode laser and cold dissection tonsillectomy.
“…The postoperative epithelization rate is inversely related to bleeding risk. The literature has shown secondary hemorrhage to be more common than primary hemorrhage (16). A recently published paper indicates an increased risk of epithelial separation between postoperative day six and nine (16,17).…”
Aim: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the pediatric population, as well as one of the first operations learned during otolaryngology residency. This study aims to evaluate the effect of surgical technique on the occurrence of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. Material and Methods: This prospectively-designed clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary referral center between May 2012 and April 2015. A total of 608 patients had tonsillectomies performed by a single surgeon with three different surgical techniques used during the study period. Patients in group one were operated on using cold dissection; group two comprised patients who underwent bipolar cautery; group three had the posterior pillar mucosal suturing technique performed. Results: 608 patients met inclusion criteria; 165 of them in group one, 274 in group two, and 169 in group three. The median age was 5 (2-14) years old. A total of five patients (0.82%) experienced post-operative bleeding. One of these patients (from group one) experienced primary hemorrhage. The four others were considered secondary hemorrhage; two from each the bipolar cautery and posterior pillar mucosal suturing groups. The rates of post-operative hemorrhage in each group were 0.61%, 0.73% and 1.18%, respectively (p=0.861). Only one of the five patients necessitated a return to the operating room to control the bleeding. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that the choice of surgical technique does not affect the post-tonsillectomy bleeding rate. There were no significant differences in bleeding rates between subgroups.
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