Pilomatrixoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Jones, Christopher D.; Ho, Weiguang; Robertson, Bernard F.; Gunn, Eilidh; Morley, Stephen

doi:10.1097/dad.0000000000001118

Cited by 115 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Basaloid cells are predominant in the early stages; however, in the later stages, the proportion of shadow cells with accompanying calcification becomes greater [10]. Pilomatricomas are more likely to be resected at an early stage [2] when internal calcification is limited, which may pose some difficulties in terms of the differential diagnosis, as reported previously [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Moreover, there are tumors that occur almost exclusively on the auricle, such as benign and malignant tumors, originating from the ceruminous gland [7]. Pilomatricoma, also known as calcified epithelioma of Malherbe, is unique as its hallmark is internal calcification [2]. In one case series, histopathological examination identified either calcification or ossification in 81% of the tumors [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On cytological examination, partial presentation of the components of a pilomatrixoma, namely, epithelial sheets containing small basaloid and shadow cells, as well as foreign body giant cells and calcified ghost cells, may lead to misdiagnosis. One study found that up to 60% of pilomatricomas (39 of 66 cases) were misdiagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology [2]. is is because smears containing a predominance of basaloid cells are easily misdiagnosed as malignancy due to their high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and those with a predominance of squamous cells, shadow cells, and foreign body giant cells may be misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a relatively common entity, accounting for about 1% of all benign skin lesions [1]. It occurs frequently in the pediatric population and has a slight female predilection [2]. Typically, it presents as an asymptomatic, firm, slow growing, mobile, superficial skin nodule of 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e site of occurrence is one of the keys to accurate diagnosis. In children, the head and neck are the sites most frequently involved [2], particularly the neck and periauricular regions [1]. Although pilomatricomas are common in adjacent areas, the auricle is a rare site for this lesion; the English literature contains two cases in infants but, to the best of our knowledge, none have been reported in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Unusual Tumor of the Ear: Pilomatricoma in a Middle-Aged Woman

Inagaki

Yamashita

Mori

et al. 2019

Case Reports in Otolaryngology

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Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor arising from hair follicle matrix cells, presenting as an asymptomatic, firm, slow growing, mobile, superficial skin nodule typically in children. This lesion with an atypical clinical presentation is frequently misdiagnosed as other skin lesions and even as malignant entities regardless of detailed cytological, imaging examinations; the site of occurrence is one of the keys to accurate diagnosis. Here, we present a case of pilomatrixoma involving the ear, the cymba conchae of the auricle, which is an extremely rare site for the lesion in a 52-year-old woman. The present case suggests that this benign tumor needs to be included in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with an atypical auricular lesion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An Unusual Tumor of the Ear: Pilomatricoma in a Middle-Aged Woman

Inagaki

Yamashita

Mori

et al. 2019

Case Reports in Otolaryngology

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Pilomatricoma in the infraorbital region

Dhungel,

Rastogi,

Chaurasia

et al. 2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessagePilomatricoma, a rare benign skin tumor arising from hair follicle matrix cells, warrants consideration in the evaluation of subcutaneous nodules or masses, especially when presenting as painless and firm lesions. Accurate diagnosis hinges on histopathological examination, underscoring the significance of clinician vigilance and prompt intervention.AbstractPilomatricoma, also referred to as Pilomatrixomas or Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare benign skin tumor derived from hair follicle matrix cells, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations. Females are more commonly affected by Pilomatricoma. This condition typically manifests as a painless, firm, and slowly progressive lesion. Histopathological analysis shows characteristic findings, such as basaloid cells at the periphery and shadow cells centrally. Immunohistochemical studies assess the expression of cytokeratin's associated with hair matrix differentiation. Complete surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, ensuring favorable outcomes and minimizing the risk of recurrence. Awareness of this entity among clinicians is essential for timely recognition and appropriate intervention. In this specific case‐study, we present a case of Pilomatricoma situated in the lower left orbital region of a 32‐year‐old male individual who had been noticing swelling in that vicinity over the preceding 7 months.

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Distinguishing a Trichilemmal Cyst From a Pilomatricoma With Ultrasound

Chen

Cui

et al. 2020

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives-To determine whether ultrasound (US) could distinguish a trichilemmal cyst from a pilomatricoma preoperatively. Methods-Ultrasound images of 61 pathologically proven trichilemmal cysts and 90 pathologically proven pilomatricomas were analyzed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated several US features. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and predictive values of statistically significant US features were assessed. Parallel combined tests, serial combined tests, or both were performed to identify US features with high statistical significance. Results-Results from individual US features were not satisfactory; however, serial combined tests that included absence of complete internal echogenic foci, absence of a hypoechoic rim, absence of peritumoral hyperechogenicity, and absence of vascularity showed higher diagnostic utility. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for correctly identifying a trichilemmal cyst were 74%, 88%, 0.62, 80%, and 83%, respectively. If 1 of these 4 US features was not a match for a trichilemmal cyst, pilomatricoma was considered. Conclusions-It may be possible to distinguish trichilemmal cysts from pilomatricomas preoperatively using US. A combined test is superior to using any individual US feature.

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Pilomatrixoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Cited by 115 publications

References 141 publications

An Unusual Tumor of the Ear: Pilomatricoma in a Middle-Aged Woman

An Unusual Tumor of the Ear: Pilomatricoma in a Middle-Aged Woman

Pilomatricoma in the infraorbital region

Distinguishing a Trichilemmal Cyst From a Pilomatricoma With Ultrasound

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