Pilocarpine oral solution

Ferguson, M.M.; Hayes, Pamela M.; Highton, John; Jones, D. S.; MacFadyen, E E; Palmer, D. G.

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4807496

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies investigated the effects of pilocarpine mouthwash at concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 2% and suggested that the effect increased with the concentration. The amount of drug absorbed by topical application is proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the drug, the partition coefficient of the drug between delivery medium and the oral mucosa, the free drug concentration in the delivery medium, the surface area of the delivery site and the duration of drug contacting the oral mucosa, whereas it is inversely proportional to the thickness of the oral mucosa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been some attempts to manage xerostomia using pilocarpine to increase minor salivary gland secretion but without inducing any adverse effects by applying it topically via a mouthwash, gum or spray. It was reported that xerostomia was relieved by gargling with pilocarpine solution at concentrations of 0.025–1.0% , and pilocarpine solution at 0.02–0.3% has been used to treat patients with salivary dysfunction . Davies and Singer compared artificial saliva and pilocarpine mouthwash in patients with radiation‐induced xerostomia and found that the pilocarpine mouthwash was more effective than the artificial saliva in relieving the condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomia: double‐blind, randomised controlled trial

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2013

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash in xerostomic patients. Sixty volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group used 0.1% pilocarpine solution, and the control group used 0.9% saline. The short- and long-term effects of pilocarpine were investigated by measuring the severity of oral dryness, minor salivary flow rates and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate at predetermined times. The severity of oral dryness was decreased in both groups at 0, 30 and 60 min after mouthwashing, with no significant difference between the groups. Buccal and labial secretions were increased in both groups, but only the experimental group exhibited increased palatal secretion. Labial and palatal secretions, but not buccal secretion, differed between the groups. The unstimulated whole salivary flow rate was increased in the experimental group and differed from that in the control group. After 4 weeks, the severity of oral dryness was decreased in both groups and did not differ between them. The oral dryness at night or on awakening significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant difference between them, but the oral dryness at other times of the day and the difficulty in swallowing foods were not significantly changed in both groups. Minor salivary and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates did not increase in both groups. Until 1 h after mouthwashing, 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash increased minor salivary and unstimulated whole salivary secretions, but was not superior compared with 0.9% saline at relieving subjective oral dryness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomia: double‐blind, randomised controlled trial

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2013

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…Subjective improvement was reported by almost 90% of patients, but side-effects were noted by many (including sweating, flushing, micturition disturbance and gastrointestinal upset). Ferguson et al (1991) reported the use of pilocarpine solution in doses ranging from 1 to 15 mg, four times daily for up to 2 years in 100 patients with xerostomia. Side-effects were minimized by starting at low doses and increasing gradually to individually titrated quantities of the drug.…”

Section: Pilocarpine Hydrochloridementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Synthetic Saliva: A Stimulating Subject

Gibson

Beeley

1994

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews

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“…Moreover, it has been reported that when used for periodontal treatment or for maintenance after periodontal treatment, it can increase the success rate of periodontal treatment because it prevents the formation of dental plaque [25]. Ferguson also mentioned that the use of mouthwash is helpful for relieving dry mouth when applied to patients with dry mouth [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the preventive effects of slightly acidic HOCl mouthwash and CHX mouthwash for oral diseases

Kim¹,

Nam²

2018

biomedicalresearch

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The purpose of this study was to compare the preventive effects of the slightly acidic hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mouthwash and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash as a chemical plaque control agent for oral diseases. This study was conducted for 15 patients who had no systemic disease among the patients who visited M Dental Clinic in Busan, South Korea, excluding the patients with incomplete data. The patients were divided into three groups: five patients in the 0.005% CHX (Bukwang Pharm Co., Ltd.) gargling group, five in the slightly acidic HOCl gargling group, and five in the saline gargling group. The patients were instructed to gargle with 15 ml of each mouthwash for 1 minute, and to then spit saliva for 1 min to remove the remaining gargling solution. Then the halitosis, O'Leary index, dental caries activity, bacterial species, and motility were measured. As a result, these decreased in the CHX gargling group compared to the saline gargling group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.005), while there were significant decreases in the HOCl gargling group. The O'Leary index, Snyder test, bacterial motility, and Filamentous more distinctly and effectively decreased in the HOCl gargling group than in the CHX gargling group, showing statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Based on this study, CHX, which is currently widely used in dentistry, can be said to be inconvenient to use due to its strong fragrance and taste, and there have been many reports on the side effects on the oral cavity of its long-term use. Therefore, if HOCl, which is harmless to the human body and has an extensive sterilizing power, is used instead of CHX, safe and effective oral care will be achieved.

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Pilocarpine oral solution

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomia: double‐blind, randomised controlled trial

Effect of 0.1% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomia: double‐blind, randomised controlled trial

Natural and Synthetic Saliva: A Stimulating Subject

Comparison of the preventive effects of slightly acidic HOCl mouthwash and CHX mouthwash for oral diseases

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