PILE: a candidate prognostic score in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

Güven, Deniz Can; Yıldırım, Hasan Çağrı; Bılgın, Emre; Aktepe, Oktay Halit; Taban, Hakan; Şahin, Taha Koray; Cakir, Ibrahim Yahya; Akın, Serkan; Dizdar, Ömer; Aksoy, Sercan; Yalçın, Şuayib; Erman, Mustafa; Kılıçkap, Saadettin

doi:10.1007/s12094-021-02560-6

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…PILE is a prognostic candidate score consisting of PIV, LDH, and ECOG PS, which was developed by a simple 0/1 scoring system (for PIV < median = 0, ≥median = 1; for LDH ≤ULN = 0, >ULN = 1; for ECOG PS <2 = 0, ≥2 = 1). A previous study has concluded that PILE was more successful in predicting the clinical outcome for immunotherapy (24). Hence, in our study, we were interested not only in the ability of PIV but also in the performance of PILE, though ECOG PS and LDH were only significantly associated with PFS and OS, respectively, in univariable analysis, which might be due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

PIV and PILE Score at Baseline Predict Clinical Outcome of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate whether PIV (Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value) and PILE [a score derived from PIV, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS)] can predict clinical outcome of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC).MethodsA total of 53 patients with ES-SCLC in the control group of clinical trial (NCT03041311) were included in this study. PIV was calculated as follows: (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count. The PILE scores were composited based on PIV, LDH levels, and ECOG PS. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox hazards regression models were used for survival analyses. Moreover, the predictive ability of PIV and PILE was validated in an independent real-world group consisting of 84 patients.ResultsPatients in the low PIV group (PIV < median) had longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those in the high PIV group (PIV ≥ median), along with the HR, which was 2.157 and 2.359, respectively (PFS HR 95% CI: 1.181–3.940, p = 0.012; OS HR 95% CI: 1.168–4.762, p = 0.020). High PILE score was observed relating to worse treatment efficacy (disease control rate (DCR): 84.21% vs. 100%, p = 0.047; durable clinical benefit (DCB) rate: 10% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.060) and poor clinical outcome (median PFS: 4.75 vs. 5.53 m, p = 0.043; median OS: 7.13 vs. 15.93 m, p = 0.002). Similar results were obtained about the predictive and prognostic abilities of PIV and PILE scores in the validation group.ConclusionsHigh PIV and high PILE were correlated with worse clinical outcomes in ES-SCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, reflecting that PIV and PILE might be useful to identify patients unlikely to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

PIV and PILE Score at Baseline Predict Clinical Outcome of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

et al. 2021

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“…PIV is a new blood-based biomarker integrating different peripheral blood immune cell subpopulations-neutrophil, platelet, monocyte, and lymphocyte. Due to its potential to represent comprehensively patient's immunity and systemic inflammation, PIV was proposed as a stronger predictor of outcomes in advanced cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy 18 , 37 – 39 . Recently, Ligorio reported that PIV was firmly associated with survival and outperformed NLR, PLR, and MLR in predicting survival in patients with HER-2 positive advanced breast cancer 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low pan-immune-inflammation-value predicts better chemotherapy response and survival in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Şahin

Çubukçu

Ocak

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Blood-based biomarkers reflect systemic inflammation status and have prognostic and predictive value in solid malignancies. As a recently defined biomarker, Pan-Immune-Inflammation-Value (PIV) integrates different peripheral blood cell subpopulations. This retrospective study of collected data aimed to assess whether PIV may predict the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in Turkish women with breast cancer. The study consisted of 743 patients with breast cancer who were scheduled to undergo NAC before attempting cytoreductive surgery. A pre-treatment complete blood count was obtained in the two weeks preceding NAC, and blood-based biomarkers were calculated from absolute counts of relevant cell populations. The pCR was defined as the absence of tumor cells in both the mastectomy specimen and lymph nodes. Secondary outcome measures included disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). One hundred seven patients (14.4%) had pCR. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cut-off values for the neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), PIV, and Ki-67 index were determined as ≥ 2.34, ≥ 0.22, ≥ 131.8, ≥ 306.4, and ≥ 27, respectively. The clinical tumor (T) stage, NLR, MLR, PLR, PIV, estrogen receptor (ER) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status, and Ki-67 index were significantly associated with NAC response in univariate analyses. However, multivariate analysis revealed that the clinical T stage, PIV, ER status, HER-2 status, and Ki-67 index were independent predictors for pCR. Moreover, the low PIV group patients had significantly better DFS and OS than those in the high PIV group (p = 0.034, p = 0.028, respectively). Based on our results, pre-treatment PIV seems as a predictor for pCR and survival, outperforming NLR, MLR, PLR in predicting pCR in Turkish women with breast cancer who received NAC. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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“… 91 To date, PILE is another immunoscore based on pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), a recently developed peripheral blood count biomarker, lactate dehydrogenase level, and Eastern European Oncology Group performance status. 94 The higher the immunoscore, the poorer OS noted in ICI-treated patients.…”

Section: In Need Of Validation – Emerging Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Biomarkers for the Efficacy of PD-1-PD-L Blockade in Cancer

Grecea

Şoriţău

Dulf

et al. 2021

OTT

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PILE: a candidate prognostic score in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

PIV and PILE Score at Baseline Predict Clinical Outcome of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

PIV and PILE Score at Baseline Predict Clinical Outcome of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Low pan-immune-inflammation-value predicts better chemotherapy response and survival in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Potential Biomarkers for the Efficacy of PD-1-PD-L Blockade in Cancer

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