Pigs fed camelina meal increase hepatic gene expression of cytochrome 8b1, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and thiosulfate transferase

Abstract

Camelina sativa is an oil seed crop which can be grown on marginal lands. Camelina seed oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids (>35%) and γ-tocopherol but is also high in erucic acid and glucosinolates. Camelina meal, is the by-product after the oil has been extracted. Camelina meal was fed to 28 d old weaned pigs at 3.7% and 7.4% until age 56 d. The camelina meal supplements in the soy based diets, improved feed efficiency but also significantly increased the liver weights. Gene expression analyses of the livers, using intra-species microarrays, identified increased expression of phase 1 and phase 2 drug metabolism enzymes. The porcine versions of the enzymes were confirmed by real time PCR. Cytochrome 8b1 (CYP8B1), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2), and thiosulfate transferase (TST) were all significantly stimulated. Collectively, these genes implicate the camelina glucosinolate metabolite, methyl-sulfinyldecyl isothiocyanate, as the main xeniobiotic, causing increased hepatic metabolism and increased liver weight.

Oilseed Camelina (Camelina sativa L Crantz): Production Systems, Prospects and Challenges in the USA Great Plains

“…The meal is very nutritive with high levels of omega-3 fatty acids (>35%), vitamin E, crude protein (>45%) and fiber (10)(11). 57,58 Camelina meal has been used successfully as a protein and lipid antioxidant for pork meat patties. 59 Cake derived from camelina meal has shown to increase unsaturated fatty acids in ewe's milk.…”

“…60 Feed meal from camelina contains moderate to high amounts of erucic acid, 27,52 (2.4-5%), sinapine (2-4mg kg -1 ) and glucocinolates (19-25mmol kg -1 ) which are anti-nutritive compounds. 58,61,62 Morris 63 observed that high erucic acid in feed meal resulted in fat deposits in heart muscle and myocardial lesions in experimental animals. Likewise, glucoinolates in the feed meal caused impairment of growth and fertility, as well as irritation of gastro-intestinal mucosa, followed by local necrosis in livestock.…”

Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy

“…In weaned pigs, diquat-induced OS stimulated Trp degradation via KP through upregulation of TDO expression in the liver, decreased the Trp concentration in serum, and then reduced growth [ 216 ]. Following, increasing dietary Trp could attenuate the liver OS induced by diquat via enhancing the antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets [ 217 ]. Hence, we suggest that adjustment of dietary Trp supplementation may be a practical way to attenuate the OS caused by some toxins.…”

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz A mercantile crop with speckled pharmacological activities

“…An increased gene expression Phase I and Phase II detoxifying enzymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, Cytochrome 8b1 (CYP8B1) and thiosulfate transferase in liver was also observed which was associated with methyl-sulfinyldecyl isothiocyanate (Camelina GSL metabolite) also testified to be liable for amplified liver metabolism and increased liver weight and the altered iodine uptake due to higher GSL content in CM lead to decreased thyroid weight (Meadus et al, 2014).…”