Pigs experimentally infected with<i>Serpulina hyodysenteriae</i>can be protected from developing swine dysentery by feeding them a highly digestible diet

Siba, Peter; Pethick, D.W.; Hampson, David J.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800052456

Cited by 68 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Swine dysentery is caused by colonization of the large intestine by the spirochete B. hyodysenteriae. It has been shown that expression of swine dysentery can be reduced by feeding pigs with FLF (19) or diets low in soluble nonstarch polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and resistant starch (3,29,30,34). The positive dietary effect was suggested to be due to the decreased amount of fermentable substrate reaching the large intestine, thus preventing colonization of B. hyodysenteriae either by direct reduction in the substrate available for the pathogen itself or by inhibition of a synergistic microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the scenario in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract seems crucial when considering the antibacterial effect of FLF. It has been suggested, on the other hand, that the amount of fermentable substrate reaching the large intestine can influence expression of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae-mediated swine dysentery (3,29,30,34). The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze microbial response mechanisms in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract when feeding FLF to pigs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential Rates of Fermentation in Digesta from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs: Effect of Feeding Fermented Liquid Feed

Højberg¹,

Canibe²,

Knudsen³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbial catabolic capacity in digesta from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed either dry feed or fermented liquid feed (FLF) was determined with the PhenePlate multisubstrate system. The in vitro technique was modified to analyze the kinetics of substrate catabolism mediated by the standing stock of enzymes (potential rates of fermentation), allowing a quantitative evaluation of the dietary effect on the catabolic capacity of the microbiota. In total, the potential rates of fermentation were significantly reduced in digesta from the large intestine (cecum, P < 0.1; colon, P < 0.01; and rectum, P < 0.0001) of pigs fed FLF compared to pigs fed dry feed. No effect of diet was observed in the stomach (P ‫؍‬ 0.71) or the distal part of the small intestine (P ‫؍‬ 0.97). The highest rates of fermentation and the most significant effect of diet were observed for readily fermentable carbohydrates like maltose, sucrose, and lactose. Feeding FLF to pigs also led to a reduction in the large intestine of the total counts of anaerobic bacteria in general and lactic acid bacteria specifically, as well as of microbial activity, as determined by the concentration of ATP and short-chain fatty acids. The low-molecularweight carbohydrates were fermented mainly to lactic acid in the FLF before being fed to the animals. This may have limited microbial nutrient availability in the digesta reaching the large intestine of pigs fed FLF and may have caused the observed reduction in activity and density of the cecal and colonic microbial population. On the other hand, feeding FLF to pigs reduced the viable counts of coliform bacteria (indicator of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) most profoundly in the stomach and the distal part of the small intestine, probably due to the bactericidal effect of lactic acid and low pH. The results presented clearly demonstrate that feeding FLF to pigs had a great impact on the indigenous microbiota, as reflected in bacterial numbers, short-chain fatty acid concentration, and substrate utilization. However, completely different mechanisms may be involved in the proximal and the distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study illustrates the utility of the PhenePlate system for quantifying the catabolic capacity of the indigenous gastrointestinal tract microbiota.Ecophysiological characterization of terrestrial and aqueous microbial communities as well as model consortia of bacteria has been performed with carbon utilization tests such as Biolog, based on colorimetric measurements of tetrazolium dye reduction coupled to substrate oxidation (4,6,9,37). Working in a predominantly anaerobic and reduced environment like the gastrointestinal tract, it may be critical, however, to use a system based on a redox indicator, since accumulated reducing equivalents seem to interfere and render false-positive signals (M. Katouli, personal communication; O. Højberg, unpublished data). The PhenePlate system (PhPlate AB, Stockholm, Sweden), on the other hand, is a substrate utilization test system b...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential Rates of Fermentation in Digesta from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs: Effect of Feeding Fermented Liquid Feed

Højberg¹,

Canibe²,

Knudsen³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The experimental diets were chosen in an attempt to minimize the frequency of clinical infections with B. hyodysenteriae. Diets based on cooked white rice have been shown to protect pigs against swine dysentery, whereas increasing amounts of dietary fibers compound the incidents of swine dysentery (22,29). A proposed mechanism is that the amount of fermentable substrate in the large intestine affects components of the intestinal microbiota that are synergistic with B. hyodysenteriae (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Bacterial Community Structure in the Colon of Pigs Fed Different Experimental Diets and after Infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Leser¹,

Lindecrona²,

Jensen³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

180

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial communities in the large intestines of pigs were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis targeting the 16S ribosomal DNA. The pigs were fed different experimental diets based on either modified standard feed or cooked rice supplemented with dietary fibers. After feeding of the animals with the experimental diets for 2 weeks, differences in the bacterial community structure in the spiral colon were detected in the form of different profiles of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs). Some of the T-RFs were universally distributed, i.e., they were found in all samples, while others varied in distribution and were related to specific diets. The reproducibility of the T-RFLP profiles between individual animals within the diet groups was high. In the control group, the profiles remained unchanged throughout the experiment and were similar between two independent but identical experiments. When the animals were experimentally infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, causing swine dysentery, many of the T-RFs fluctuated, suggesting a destabilization of the microbial community.The gastrointestinal tract of pigs is densely populated with bacteria, and the intestinal microbiota has important influence on animal health and growth performance. The lumenal contents of the colon support between 10 10 and 10 11 culturable bacteria per g (wet weight) (1,6,21). The majority of the culturable bacteria in the pig colon are gram-positive, strict anaerobic streptococci, lactobacilli, eubacteria, clostridia, and peptostreptococci (21,27,28). The gram-negative organisms comprise about 10% of the total culturable bacteria. Most isolates belong to the Bacteroides and Prevotella groups (27). The gastrointestinal tract bacterial community structure is susceptible to changes in the diet of the animal. For example, the bacterial community will adapt to the introduction of high levels of dietary fibers by increased growth of bacteria with cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities (8,21,32). Other dietary treatments that are known to affect the intestinal bacterial community are the addition of organic acids to the feed (25) and prefermentation of commercial dry feeds (26). However, the effects of these treatments on the structure of the bacterial community are unknown. Pathogenic bacteria and bacteria that are part of the indigenous microbiota in the pig intestine may interact. Resistance to colonization by pathogens is well known (4), while synergistic relations with one or more indigenous intestinal bacterial species are a prerequisite for the pathogenicity of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (34) and Lawsonia intracellularis (16). Both species cause severe intestinal disorders. On the other hand, it has been shown previously that the onset of swine dysentery causes a dramatic disturbance of the intestinal bacterial community (24). All these studies are based on culturing of the bacteria. However, comparisons with direct microscopic counts have shown that only part of the intestinal bacteria can...

show abstract

“…Environmental and dietary factors also may be involved. Diet has been shown to influence colonization of pigs with the related spirochaete Serpulina hyodysenteriae [33,34], and the same may apply to S. pilosicoli. Village pigs predominantly scavenge, or are fed raw sweet potato, whereas the commercial pigs were fed a balanced mash feed based on cereals and legumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

et al. 1997

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYIn a survey of five villages in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, Serpulina pilosicoli was isolated from rectal swabs from 113 of 496 individuals (22n8 %). Colonization rates ranged from 22n6-30n1 % in four of the villages but was only 8n6 % in the other village. In comparison colonization was demonstrated in only 5 of 54 indigenous people (9n3 %) and none of 76 nonindigenous people living in an urban environment in the same region. Colonization did not relate to reported occurrence of diarrhoea, age, sex, or length of time resident in a village. A second set of 94 faecal specimens was collected from 1 village 6 weeks after the first set. S. pilosicoli was isolated from 27 of 29 individuals (93n1 %) who were positive on the first sampling and from 7 of 65 individuals (10n8 %) who previously were negative. In this case, isolates were significantly more common in watery stools than in normal stools. The annual incidence of infection in the village was calculated as 93n6 %, with an average duration of infection of 117 days. S. pilosicoli could not be isolated from any village pig (n l 126) despite its confirmed presence in 17 of 50 commercial pigs (34n0 %) sampled at a local piggery. Four of 76 village dogs (5n3 %) and 1 of 2 village ducks were colonized with S. pilosicoli, suggesting the possibility of cross transmission between humans and animals.

show abstract

Pigs experimentally infected withSerpulina hyodysenteriaecan be protected from developing swine dysentery by feeding them a highly digestible diet

Cited by 68 publications

References 33 publications

Potential Rates of Fermentation in Digesta from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs: Effect of Feeding Fermented Liquid Feed

Potential Rates of Fermentation in Digesta from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigs: Effect of Feeding Fermented Liquid Feed

Changes in Bacterial Community Structure in the Colon of Pigs Fed Different Experimental Diets and after Infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About