Pigs as Source of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>CC398 Infections in Humans, Denmark

Lewis, Hannah C.; Mølbak, Kåre; Reese, Catrin; Aarestrup, Frank Møller; Selchau, Mette; Sørum, Marit; Skov, Robert

doi:10.3201/eid1409.071576

Cited by 242 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…For livestock CC398 (sequenced by Schijffelen et al, 2010, andUhlemann et al, 2012), our study demonstrated that this clade has undergone a host transition from originally humans to animals, mainly pigs and calves (van Loo et al, 2007;Lewis et al, 2008). However, as the present study demonstrates, CC398 is also a pathogen of bovine IMI.…”

Section: Clonality Of Bovine Strains and Phylogeneticscontrasting

confidence: 41%

Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Subtyping, evolution, and zoonotic transfer

Boss

Cosandey

Luini

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Staphylococcus aureus is globally one of the most important pathogens causing contagious mastitis in cattle. Previous studies using ribosomal spacer (RS)-PCR, however, demonstrated in Swiss cows that Staph. aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections are genetically heterogeneous, with Staph. aureus genotype B (GTB) and GTC being the most prominent genotypes. Furthermore, Staph. aureus GTB was found to be contagious, whereas Staph. aureus GTC and all the remaining genotypes were involved in individual cow disease. In addition to RS-PCR, other methods for subtyping Staph. aureus are known, including spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). They are based on sequencing the spa and various housekeeping genes, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the 3 analytic methods using 456 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from milk of bovine intramammary infections and bulk tanks obtained from 12 European countries. Furthermore, the phylogeny of animal Staph. aureus was inferred and the zoonotic transfer of Staph. aureus between cattle and humans was studied. The analyzed strains could be grouped into 6 genotypic clusters, with CLB, CLC, and CLR being the most prominent ones. Comparing the 3 subtyping methods, RS-PCR showed the highest resolution, followed by spa typing and MLST. We found associations among the methods but in many cases they were unsatisfactory except for CLB and CLC. Cluster CLB was positive for clonal complex (CC)8 in 99% of the cases and typically positive for t2953; it is the cattle-adapted form of CC8. Cluster CLC was always positive for t529 and typically positive for CC705. For CLR and the remaining subtypes, links among the 3 methods were generally poor. Bovine Staph. aureus is highly clonal and a few clones predominate. Animal Staph. aureus always evolve from human strains, such that every human strain may be the ancestor of a novel animal-adapted strain. The zoonotic transfer of IMI-and milk-associated strains of Staph. aureus between cattle and humans seems to be very limited and different hosts are not considered as a source for mutual, spontaneous infections. Spillover events, however, may happen.

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Section: Clonality Of Bovine Strains and Phylogeneticscontrasting

confidence: 41%

Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Subtyping, evolution, and zoonotic transfer

Boss

Cosandey

Luini

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…2,8,19,24,36,38,42,43 Of note, the BORSA and MRSA strains of our study did not appear to be particularly more virulent than other S. aureus in horses. Infected equine patients did not suffer from increased frequency or severity of complications in wound healing, nor did colonized humans develop clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution of Multidrug-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections in Horses and Colonized Personnel in an Equine Clinic Between 2005 and 2010

Sieber

Gerber

Jandova

et al. 2011

Microbial Drug Resistance

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“…Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria may also transfer from animals to humans though direct contact. This is, for example, the case for MRSA CC398 where transmission frequently occurs from the animals to the farmers or other people in contact with the animals [37].…”

Section: (Iv) Macrotransmission Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward

Aarestrup

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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230

194

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The purpose of this review was to provide an updated overview on the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock, the associated problems for humans and current knowledge on the effects of reducing resistance in the livestock reservoir on both human health and animal production. There is still limiting data on both use of antimicrobial agents, occurrence and spread of resistance as well as impact on human health. However, in recent years, emerging issues related to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Clostridium difficile , Escherichia coli and horizontally transferred genes indicates that the livestock reservoir has a more significant impact on human health than was estimated 10 years ago, where the focus was mainly on resistance in Campylobacter and Salmonella . Studies have indicated that there might only be a marginal if any benefit from the regular use of antibiotics and have shown that it is possible to substantially reduce the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock production without compromising animal welfare or health or production. In some cases, this should be done in combination with other measures such as biosecurity and use of vaccines. To enable better studies on both the global burden and the effect of interventions, there is a need for global harmonized integrated and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance, preferably associated with data on production and animal diseases to determine the positive and negative impact of reducing antimicrobial use in livestock.

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Pigs as Source of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCC398 Infections in Humans, Denmark

Cited by 242 publications

References 33 publications

Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Subtyping, evolution, and zoonotic transfer

Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Subtyping, evolution, and zoonotic transfer

Evolution of Multidrug-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections in Horses and Colonized Personnel in an Equine Clinic Between 2005 and 2010

The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward

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