Pigments of a color polymorphism in a cichlid fish

Abstract

Abstract-i. Cichlasoma citrinellum occurs as gray or gold morphs in lakes in Nicaragua. The gold morph is variable and individuals range from yellow to dark orange.2. The pigments responsible for the carotenoid coloration are E-carotene and canthaxanthin. The gray morph contains a carotenoid component and also heavy melanin deposits.3. The carotenoids are dietary in origin, but their distribution and intensity is presumably under genetic control.4. The relation of color morphs to the ecological and selective forces which might produce them is discussed.

Local variation and parallel evolution: morphological and genetic diversity across a species complex of neotropical crater lake cichlid fishes

“…Though there is an environmental (e.g. diet) component to the brightness of the gold morph (Webber et al 1973), amelanism is under genetic control (Henning et al in press). Gold morphs are found in moderate to low frequencies (e.g.…”

Carotenoids in fish. XXXVIII. Carotenoid contents in Hucho hucho (L.) individuals

“…The larvae contained the highest amounts of carotenoids (1.738 µg/g wet weight) while non-fertilised eggs were the poorest in carotenoids (0.364µg/g wet weight). (Savolainen and Gyllenberg, 1970), while e-carotene was found in Cich"/asoma citrinellum (Webber et al, 1973) and in some other fish species, e.g., Cyprinus carpio (Czeczuga, 1979 c), S. gaudneri and trutta morpha fario (Czeczuga, 1979 b) as well as in such marine species as Limanda limanda andPlatichthys fiesus (Czeczuga, 1980). 4'-hydroxyechinenone is a derivative of echinenone; both were previously found in some salmonids, both freshwater (Czeczuga, 1979b;Matsuno et al, 1980 b) and marine (Matsuno et al, 1980 b;Czeczuga, 1982).…”

First Report of A Xanthic Phenotype of the Silver Carp, <i>Hypothalamichthyes molitrix</i> (Valenciennes, 1844) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Maharashtra Fish Seed Production Centre, India

“…Changing in the density of these chromatophores, the color of the fish body can be changed accordingly. The presence of the melanic chromatophores usually masks the appearance of the xanthophores, but with the complete disappearance of the former from any region of the fish body, xanthophores became revealed (Webber et al, 1973) and the case known as xanthochromism. In such condition, the chromatophores contain E-carotene and canthaxanthin and import a golden colour (Webber et al, 1973).…”

“…The presence of the melanic chromatophores usually masks the appearance of the xanthophores, but with the complete disappearance of the former from any region of the fish body, xanthophores became revealed (Webber et al, 1973) and the case known as xanthochromism. In such condition, the chromatophores contain E-carotene and canthaxanthin and import a golden colour (Webber et al, 1973). It has been suggested that xanthophores may even be over-produced in the absence of melanophores or other pigment cells (Angus and Blanchard, 1991).…”

“…Several freshwater fish groups have shown variable cases of xanthism including members of the families Centrachidae (Allen and Neill, 1953), Cichlidae (Webber et al, 1973), Cyprinodontidae (Turner and Liu, 1977), Lepisosteidae, (McIlwain and Waller, 1972;Tyler, 1990), Percidae (Denoncourt 1976) and Poeciliidae (Angus and Blanchard, 1991). The phenomena of xanthism have a genetic basis that explains the wide range presence across a wide taxonomic spectrum (Angus and Blanchard, 1991).…”