Pigments in Strawberry

Pillet, Jérémy; Folta, Kevin M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2356-4_10

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) has been cultivated worldwide as one of the major fruit crops, it is highly regarded in the fresh fruit market mainly because of its attractive color, good flavor, and enrichment of nutrients. Particularly, the enriched anthocyanins, a class of water-soluble pigments, are not only responsible for the strawberry fruit coloration [ 1 ], but also one of the most important antioxidants and thereby contributing to the healthful attributes in strawberries [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Anthocyanins-Related Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Genes in the Genome of Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Anthocyanins are responsible for the red color of strawberry, they are a subclass of flavonoids synthesized in cytosol and transferred to vacuole to form the visible color. Previous studies in model and ornamental plants indicated members of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family were involved in vacuolar accumulation of anthocyanins. In the present study, a total of 130 FaGST genes were identified in the genome of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), which were unevenly distributed across the 28 chromosomes from the four subgenomes. Evolutionary analysis revealed the expansion of FaGST family was under stable selection and mainly drove by WGD/segmental duplication event. Classification and phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the FaGST genes were clarified into seven subclasses, among which FaGST1, FaGST37, and FaGST97 belonging to Phi class were closely related to FvRAP, an anthocyanin-related GST of wildwood strawberry, and this clade was clustered with other known anthocyanin-related GSTs. RNAseq-based expression analysis at different developmental stages of strawberry revealed that the expression of FaGST1, FaGST37, FaGST39, FaGST73, and FaGST97 was gradually increased during the fruit ripening, consistent with the anthocyanins accumulation. These expression patterns of those five FaGST genes were also significantly correlated with those of other anthocyanin biosynthetic genes such as FaCHI, FaCHS, and FaANS, as well as anthocyanin regulatory gene FaMYB10. These results indicated FaGST1, FaGST37, FaGST39, FaGST73, and FaGST97 may function in vacuolar anthocyanin accumulation in cultivated strawberry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Anthocyanins-Related Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Genes in the Genome of Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Strawberries contain various phenolic compounds, and their synthesis is affected by different environmental factors [ 24 ]. Phenolic compound content enhances the nutritional quality of fruit, but it also affects the colour of fruit, and it is an important quality parameter for juice processing [ 4 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the synthesis of phenolic compounds is affected by different environmental factors [ 24 ]. Both light and temperature are important factors affecting the flavonoid pathways in fruits [ 25 , 26 ], which are responsible for the biosynthesis of the main pigments of strawberries, i.e., anthocyanins and other flavonoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in ‘Capri’ Everbearing Strawberry Quality during a Harvest Season

Simkova

Veberič

Hudina

et al. 2023

Foods

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Strawberries are appreciated by consumers for their characteristic taste and health benefits, which enhance their demand throughout the year. Everbearing strawberries can produce fruits for a longer period and could thus meet this demand, but the fruit quality depends on environmental factors and the cultivar. This study focused on the effect of environmental conditions on the physical attributes and the composition of everbearing Capri cultivar fruit harvested from the end of June to the end of October. A positive correlation was observed between temperature and organic acid content (r = 0.87), and a positive correlation was observed between sunshine duration, anthocyanin (r = 0.87) and phenolic compound contents (r = 0.89). Additionally, the composition of sugars was affected by the environmental conditions. While strawberries harvested towards the end of October, when lower temperatures predominated, were larger in size and had a higher sugar/acid ratio, fruit harvested in the middle of August, when there were longer periods of sunshine, had higher anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents. In conclusion, strawberries with higher sugar/acid ratios are obtained when temperatures are lower, while strawberries exposed to longer periods of sunshine are richer in health-promoting compounds.

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“…Anthocyanins are the principle pigments giving to the brilliant red colour of strawberry fruit (Kosar et al , ; Pillet and Folta, ; Silva et al , ). The anthocyanin biosynthetic genes have been identified in strawberry (Almeida et al , ; Pillet et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic modulation of RAP alters fruit coloration in both wild and cultivated strawberry

Gao

Luo

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Fruit colour affects consumer preference and is an important trait for breeding in strawberry. Previously, we isolated the Reduced Anthocyanins in Petioles (RAP) gene encoding a glutathione S‐transferase (GST) that binds anthocyanins to facilitate their transport from cytosol to vacuole in the diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca. The parent of rap was the F. vesca variety ‘Yellow Wonder’ that develops white fruit due to a natural mutation in the FveMYB10 gene. Here, we investigated the application potential of RAP in modulating fruit colours by overexpression of RAP in F. vesca and knockout of RAP in the cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. Unexpectedly, the RAP overexpression in Yellow Wonder background caused formation of red fruit. In addition, the red coloration occurs precociously at floral stage 10 and continues in the receptacle during early fruit development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were not up‐regulated in RAP‐ox; rap myb10 flowers at anthesis and largely inhibited at the turning stage in fruit, suggesting a coloration mechanism independent of FveMYB10. Moreover, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout RAP in cultivated strawberry which is octoploid. Six copies of RAP were simultaneously knocked out in the T0 generation leading to the green stem and white‐fruited phenotype. Several T1 progeny have segregated away the CRISPR/Cas9 transgene but maintain the green stem trait. Our results indicate that enhancing the anthocyanin transport could redirect the metabolic flux from proanthocyanidin to anthocyanin production at early developmental stages of fruit and that RAP is one promising candidate gene in fruit colour breeding of strawberry.

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Pigments in Strawberry

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Identification of Anthocyanins-Related Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Genes in the Genome of Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Identification of Anthocyanins-Related Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Genes in the Genome of Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Variability in ‘Capri’ Everbearing Strawberry Quality during a Harvest Season

Genetic modulation of RAP alters fruit coloration in both wild and cultivated strawberry

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