“…The disease, which can involve all synovial-lined structures, particularly the knee joint, is characterized by proliferation of synovial tissues and invasion of cartilage and bone around the joints. PVNS causes clinical swelling and pain, and the diffuse form or recurrence can trigger rapid articular cartilage damage associated with severe functional impairment, eventually leading to joint replacement or even amputation (11)(12)(13)(14). Although surgical synovectomy, either via open surgery or arthroscopy, is considered the standard treatment for PVNS (7,15), post-operative complications and limitations, including longer hospitalization and rehabilitation periods, post-operative stiffness, and in particular, high rates of recurrence are common.…”