Pigmented contact dermatitis in the axillae caused by hydroperoxides of limonene

Kwong, Hui Li; Lim, Su Ping Regina

doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.04.007

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…36 , 37 In addition, axillary hyperpigmentation, a type of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, can occur due to the continuous irritation related to antiperspirant use. 38 , 39 Consequently, the present study did not include AO patients with antiperspirant-related side effects. Further, we only included female patients with AO, and demonstrated that long-term antiperspirant use resulted in a lower rate of postoperative complications than that without antiperspirant use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Use of Antiperspirant is Associated with a Low Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Axillary Osmidrosis

Ho¹,

Yang²,

Tsai³

2022

CCID

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Purpose Many patients with axillary osmidrosis (AO) cannot tolerate the local irritation of strong antiperspirants and discontinue AO use within a short time. This study evaluates the effect of long-term antiperspirant use on postoperative complications after osmidrosis surgery. Patients and Methods A total of 116 females (66 antiperspirant and 50 non-antiperspirant cases) who underwent osmidrosis surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results Patients with long-term antiperspirant use had a lower risk of full-thickness skin necrosis compared with those who did not use antiperspirants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.048, 95% confidence Interval [CI]: 0.006–0.392, p = 0.005). Patients with antiperspirants use also had a lower risk of moderate-to-severe erythema compared to those without antiperspirants use (moderate vs mild erythema: OR = 0.351, 95% CI: 0.129–0.959, p = 0.041; severe vs mild erythema: OR = 0.161, 95% CI: 0.047–0.550, p = 0.004). Patients who used antiperspirants also had a lower risk of severe skin erosion compared to those who did not use antiperspirants (severe vs mild skin erosion: OR = 0.164, 95% CI: 0.037–0.725, p = 0.017). There was a trend of lower risk in moderate skin erosion in patients with antiperspirant use compared to those without antiperspirant use, but it was not statistically significant (moderate vs mild epidermal damage and peeling: OR = 0.406, 95% CI: 0.158–1.043, p = 0.061). Conclusion Postoperative complications in patients with AO who undergo osmidrosis surgery are lower in those with a long-term antiperspirant use compared to patients who did not use antiperspirants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Use of Antiperspirant is Associated with a Low Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Axillary Osmidrosis

Ho¹,

Yang²,

Tsai³

2022

CCID

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“…10,29,31,32 Less common presentations of axillary ACD due to fragrance include pigmented dermatoses; for example, ACD from an antiperspirant containing hydroperoxide of limonene presented as hyperpigmented patches with minimal erythema and scaling in the edges of the axillary folds. 33,34 Diagnosis of a fragrance ACD typically is made with a standard patch test series including fragrance mixture I and balsam of Peru, which may detect 75% and 50% of fragrance sensitivities, respectively. 35 Patch testing may be followed with a repeated open application test of the product in question.…”

Section: Top Allergens In Products Used On the Axillaementioning

confidence: 99%

Axillary Contact Dermatitis: An Update on Potential Allergens and Management

Musicante

2024

Cutis

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The differential diagnosis of dermatoses in the axillae is broad. Contact dermatitis-both irritant and allergic-represents common etiologies. Axillary contact dermatitis can develop following exposure to a variety of irritants and/or allergens. Frequently implicated sources include deodorants, antiperspirants, detergents, soaps, and clothing. Fragrance, a ubiquitous ingredient within these products, as well as metals and dyes, are common causes of contact dermatitis. Clinical assessment, bedside diagnostic techniques, histopathology, and patch testing can aid in the diagnosis and help inform management directions.

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“…There was an elevated dermal ERβ immunostaining intensity, dermal ERβ, and dermal PR hydroperoxides formed from its oxidation are potent sensitizers. [21] PCD with airborne contact allergens has been reported with whitening dyes, packaging adhesive tapes, and musk ambrette present in incense. [18] Formaldehyde Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis was reported in a 51-year-old white woman who wore a leather watch strap and paratertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin was found to be the culprit allergen in the strap.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigmented contact dermatitis: A brief review

Subburaj

Vinay

Bishnoi

et al. 2022

CSDM

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Hyperpigmentation is one of the common pigmentary complaints that brings the patient to dermatology services. Though there are multiple etiologies for hyperpigmentation, pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) remains a common diagnosis. The cosmetics containing dyes, preservatives, fragrances, bactericidal, emulsifiers/surfactants, and vehicles are the potential sources, and paraphenylenediamine, benzyl salicylate, brilliant lake red R, thiomersal and gallate mix are some of the most commonly implicated allergens. The clinical manifestation includes diffuse or patchy brown to blue-black pigmentation of the cheeks, the outer surface of ears, preauricular region, temporal area, nape of the neck, and upper back. Patch testing plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of PCD and the testing series has to be selected according to the representative population. Given the chronicity of the disease, counseling patients against the use of cosmetics is challenging as the pigmentation tends to persist for longer durations inspite of stopping cosmetics. The pillars of treatment in PCD include recognition of the culprit allergen and preventing further exposure along with pharmacological therapy. This review provides a brief overview and an insight into the etiopathogenesis and management of PCD.

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Pigmented contact dermatitis in the axillae caused by hydroperoxides of limonene

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Long-Term Use of Antiperspirant is Associated with a Low Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Axillary Osmidrosis

Long-Term Use of Antiperspirant is Associated with a Low Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Axillary Osmidrosis

Axillary Contact Dermatitis: An Update on Potential Allergens and Management

Pigmented contact dermatitis: A brief review

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