Pigmentation of the Oral Tissues: A Review of the Literature

Dummett, Clifton O.; Barens, Gaida

doi:10.1902/jop.1967.38.5.369

Cited by 80 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, it is also well known that malignant melanoma of the oral cavity has a more serious prognosis than does cutaneous melanoma [ 13]. It has been reported that 65% of benign melanocytic lesions occur on the lip among those of the oral mucosa [7], On the other hand, the melanocytic pigmented lesions accompanied by systemic diseases such as Albright's syndrome, Gardner's syndrome, Addison's diseases, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and FPC occur frequently in the oral mucosa including the lower lip [1][2][3][4], Although the distribution of mucosal mela nocytes in other locations such as the esophagus, upper respiratory tract, anorectal and urogenital areas has been reported [14][15][16][17][18], little is known about in vivo physiologi cal change associated with melanocyte distribution in the oral mucosa. The appearance of pigmented lesions in the lower lip is of clinical importance in terms of malignant transformation on the basis of advancing age such as senile lentigo [8], As for the sex difference in incidence of pig mented lesions, primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is well known to be nearly twice as common in men [13], and senile lentigo in human labial mucosa has been known to occur more commonly in men than in women [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addison's dis ease. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and familial polyposis coli (FPC) occur frequently in the oral mucosa including the lower lip [1][2][3][4], little is known about the in vivo physiolog ical change of melanocyte distribution in the human oral mucosa. On the other hand, primary malignant melano ma of the oral cavity is not necessarily a rare neoplasm in Japan [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunopathological Analysis of Mucosal Melanocyte Distribution in the Human Lower Lip of the Elderly

et al. 1996

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Mucosal melanocyte distribution in the human lower lip was analyzed immunopathologically using a wide selection of 195 surgical specimens. An age-related increase of mucosal melanocyte distribution was observed in the human lower lip by Fontana-Masson argentaffin stain and S-100 protein immunoreactivity. The mean number of mucosal melanocytes increased gradually with advancing age. A large number of them was found at or beyond the seventh decade of life in both sexes, which was statistically significant compared with those in all other decades (p < 0.01 or < 0.05). In addition, the sex difference in mucosal melanocyte density was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in each decade (men > women). These results suggest that physiological changes in mucosal melanocyte distribution are dependent upon aging and sex difference, and may play an important role in development of melanocytic lesions such as senile lentigo, pigmented nevi, and also intraepithelial malignant melanomas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological Analysis of Mucosal Melanocyte Distribution in the Human Lower Lip of the Elderly

et al. 1996

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“…Furthermore, among various regions of the oral mucous membrane, the lingual mucosa is the rarest site to show melanin [3]; although physiologic pigmentation of the oral mucosa occurs in about 5% of healthy Japanese, it is seldom noted in the tongue [5]; even the pigmentation of the fungiform papillae of the tongue, which is observed in a small percentage of Negroes, is rarely seen among Japanese [6,7,9], Therefore, the present case can be regarded as an unique case on the basis of the above mentioned facts; unusual site of in volvement and, furthermore, unusually marked pigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigmented Macules of the Tongue following Fixed Drug Eruption

Tagami¹

1973

Dermatology

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A case with fixed drug eruption involving only an unusual site is reported. The patient was a 35-year-old Japanese woman who showed bizzare pigmented macules on the dorsum of the tongue; they were demonstrated to have been caused by fixed drug eruption due to aminopyrine contained in a medicine for headache which she had taken occasionally for the past 10 years. The patient is regarded as a peculiar case of fixed drug eruption because of the following facts; (1) the fixed drug eruption affected only the tongue, and (2) it left markedly pigmented areas.

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“…Black bone disease manifests in the skull, pelvis, shoulder, vertebrae, and costal cartilage [34,35]. Biopsies of discolored bone may fluoresce under UV light, similar to other kinds of tetracycline bone deposition; however, other studies do not find fluorescence.…”

Section: Are There Other Manifestations Of Minocycline Discoloration?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minocycline Toxicity: Case Files of the University of Massachusetts Medical Toxicology Fellowship

2012

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A 61-year-old man was brought to the emergency department (ED) for shortness of breath, fatigue, frequent falls, and bluish discoloration of his skin. The primary care physician transferred the patient due to concern for cyanosis. On presentation to the ED, the patient was oriented but appeared fatigued. The patient was afebrile and had the following vital signs: blood pressure 161/88 mmHg, pulse 71/min, respiratory rate 16/min, and oxygen saturation 100 % on room air by fingertip pulse oximetry. On physical exam, pupils were 4 mm and reactive bilaterally, extraocular movements were intact, and there was no nystagmus. Anicteric sclerae were notable for blue pigmentation (Fig. 1). Heart sounds were regular, without murmurs, rubs, or gallops. Lung sounds were clear to auscultation bilaterally. Other than ataxia, the neurological exam was unremarkable. The skin had a generalized bluish tinge, especially on the arms, with darker pigmentation on the cheeks (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). There was acne on the back and facial rosacea. Bluish discoloration was also noted under the proximal nail beds (Fig. 5). When questioned about the skin discoloration, the patient and his family members described an insidious onset. Photographs of the patient from years ago confirmed that this was not congenital. Medical history included acne, orthostatic hypotension, and Parkinson's disease, for which a deep brain stimulator had been surgically implanted. A comprehensive medication list was not immediately available; however, the patient denied any recent medication additions or adjustments. The patient was unemployed, denied any recent travel, and no other members of his household were complaining of fatigue or similar blue skin discoloration.

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Pigmentation of the Oral Tissues: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 80 publications

References 31 publications

Immunopathological Analysis of Mucosal Melanocyte Distribution in the Human Lower Lip of the Elderly

Immunopathological Analysis of Mucosal Melanocyte Distribution in the Human Lower Lip of the Elderly

Pigmented Macules of the Tongue following Fixed Drug Eruption

Minocycline Toxicity: Case Files of the University of Massachusetts Medical Toxicology Fellowship

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