Pigmentation and autofluorescence of <i>Candida</i> species after growth on tryptophan media

Chaskes, Stuart; Phillips, Arthur W.

doi:10.1139/m74-091

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Cellular fluorescence was more intense for C. gattii than for C. neoformans after growth in m-FDTG broth. Candida albicans cells were also fluorescent after the formation of the pink pigment, and results were very similar to those described from L-and DL-tryptophan (7).…”

Section: Determinationsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Consequently, pH 5.35 was selected as the working pH. Since we did not observe a significant effect of the salt concentration on either growth or pigment production, we selected 4 g/liter KH 2 PO 4 and 2.5 g/liter MgSO 4 ⅐ 7H 2 O, given that this was used in the prior studies of pigment induction by tryptophan (7,10). However, temperature affected pigmentation significantly, such that coloration was less intense at 37°C than at either 25 or 30°C.…”

Section: Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…growing in L-or DL-tryptophan, with approximately one-half of the medically important species producing brown pigments and the other half, including Candida albicans, producing, a pink light-catalyzed pigment (7). Some time ago, Chaskes and Tyndall (10) reported that some strains of Cryptococcus neofor-mans produced brown cell-associated intracellular pigments while others produced pink extracellular pigments from L-or DL-tryptophan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and Pigment Production on d -Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii , Cryptococcus neoformans , and Candida albicans

Chaskes

Frasés²,

Cammer³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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Given the increasing prevalence of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii (serotypes B and C) strains, there is a need for rapid and reliable tests that discriminate C. gattii from Cryptococcus neoformans (serotypes A, D, and AD). Seventy-two C. neoformans strains, sixty-seven C. gattii strains, and five Candida albicans strains were analyzed for their ability to grow and produce pigment on minimal D-tryptophan D-proline (m-DTDP) medium, on yeast carbon base D-tryptophan D-proline (YCB-DTDP) medium, and on fructose D-tryptophan glycine (m-FDTG) medium. Of the C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates, 94% and 0% grew on m-DTDP agar, respectively, and 98% and 0% grew in YCB-DTDP medium, respectively. C. gattii produced large amounts of brown intracellular pigment(s) on m-DTDP agar and smaller amounts of yellow-brown (amber) extracellular pigment(s). C. albicans grew on both media and produced a pink photoactivated pigment on m-DTDP agar. C. gattii produced large amounts of brown intracellular pigments on the differential medium m-FDTG, whereas C. neoformans produced smaller amounts of the brown pigments and C. albicans produced a pink pigment. The pigments produced by C. gattii from D-tryptophan were distinct and were not related to melanin formation from 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Thin-layer chromatography of the methanol-extracted C. gattii cells detected four different pigments, including brown (two types), yellow, and pink-purple compounds. We conclude that tryptophan-derived pigments are not melanins and that growth on m-DTDP or YCB-DTDP agar can be used to rapidly differentiate C. gattii from C. neoformans.

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Section: Determinationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and Pigment Production on d -Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii , Cryptococcus neoformans , and Candida albicans

Chaskes

Frasés²,

Cammer³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Diddens et Lodder (10) en 1942 la ramènent au rang de variété de C. albicans ; mais dix ans plus tard, Lodder avec Kreger Van Rij (22) lui confèrent de nouveau un statut d'espèce que la levure garde dans la revue du genre par Van Uden et Buckley dans la dernière monographie des levures de Lodder en 1970 (32). C. albicans et C. stellatoidea ont fait l'objet, souvent conjointement de nombreuses recherches : elles concernent le pigment (9,19), la production de chlamydospores (12,13,18,21), la formation de tubes germinatifs (12,30), la fermen tation et l'assimilation des sucres (11,21,26), la structure pariétale (2,5,28), la struc ture antigénique (7,16,27,29,30,31), l'écologie (1,3,4,6,8,14,18,23,24), la viru lence expérimentale (11,14,17,18,24). Mais il est très difficile à la lecture de ces documents d'atteindre une conviction quant à l'existence réelle de deux entités dis tinctes.…”

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Étude mycologique comparée de Candida stellatoidea et C. albicans

Saëz¹,

Andrieu

1979

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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La valeur de la distinction spécifique de C. albicans et C. stellatoidea a été appréciée par la comparaison de deux lots : l'un, assez homogène, comprenant 292 isolements de la première entité, l'autre réunissant 11 cultures de C. stellatoidea, provenant pour la plupart de collections. Le comportement à la surface d'un milieu liquide, la production : de chlamydospores, de mycélium, de pseudomycélium, de tubes germinatifs, la fermentation et l'assi milation des produits hydrocarbonés, l'action du tétrazolium, la résistance de l'actidione et la température maximale de développement sont les caractéristiques morpho-physiologiques qui ont principalement retenue l'attention. Les variations observées sur deux C. stellatoidea, dont la souche-type de cette espèce, conservés dans deux laboratoires différents, ont également été rapportées.

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“…The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.5 with either 1 M KH2PO4 or 1 M K2HPO4. Seventeen common nitrogen sources (1 g/liter) including either amino acids, ammonium sulfate, Casamino Acids, yeast extract, or tryptone ( Table 1) were tested for their ability to allow C. neoformans to form pigment from DL-DOPA. Media ingredients were prepared at x2 strength and sterilized by filtration through 0.45-lAm membrane filters (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment production by Cryptococcus neoformans from para- and ortho-Diphenols: effect of the nitrogen source

Chaskes¹,

Tyndall²

1975

J Clin Microbiol

109

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Cryptococcus neoformans produced pigments when p-diphenols were substrates in a glucose-amino acid-salts medium. The best substrates were 2.5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid. In contrast to the cellular pigment production from o-diphenols (hydroxyl groups in the 2,3or 3,4-position of phenyl ring), the p-diphenols (1,4or 2,5-positions for the hydroxyl groups) produced large amounts of soluble pigments that diffused into the medium. When an optimal source of nitrogen (glutamine, glycine, and asparagine) was used, 89% of the C. neoformans strains produced pigments from p-diphenols. In contrast, 0 to 67% of the strains produced pigments when a suboptimal nitrogen source (proline, ammonium sulfate, ornithine, and methionine) was used. When glutamine-glycine-asparagine was the nitrogen source, 100% of the C. neoformans strains produced pigments from o-diphenols, whereas 77 to 100% of the strains produced pigment when proline-ammonium sulfateornithine-methionine was the nitrogen source. Cryptococcus species other than C. neoformans and all tested Candida species failed to produce pigments from any of the substrates except when hydroquinone was used. A combination of glutamine-glycine-asparagine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine allowed differentiation of colonies of C. neoformans from C. albicans in 3 to 6 days. These data showed that pigment production from o-and p-diphenols served as an excellent biochemical test for the identification of C. neoformans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Yeast cultures. Thirty strains of Cryptococcus species including C. neoformans (nine strains), C. luteolus (two strains), C. terreus (five strains), C. albidus (five strains), C. diffluens (three strains), and C. laurentii (six strains) were used in the study. The Cryptococcus cultures were supplied by William Kap

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Pigmentation and autofluorescence of Candida species after growth on tryptophan media

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Growth and Pigment Production on d -Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii , Cryptococcus neoformans , and Candida albicans

Growth and Pigment Production on d -Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii , Cryptococcus neoformans , and Candida albicans

Étude mycologique comparée de Candida stellatoidea et C. albicans

Pigment production by Cryptococcus neoformans from para- and ortho-Diphenols: effect of the nitrogen source

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