Pigment formation in potato tubers (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) exposed to light followed by darkness

Virgin, Hemming I.; Sundqvist, Christer

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb02174.x

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…2, curve C). The spectral properties were similar to those observed in re‐etiolated potato tubers and in the epicotyl and stipula of pea (Virgin and Sundqvist 1992, Böddi et al 1999). This suggests that the leaves may have been illuminated during their earlier developmental stage before they were fully covered by other leaves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Solymosi

Martinez

Kristóf

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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The contents of protochlorophyllide, protochlorophyll and chlorophyll together with the native arrangements of the pigments and the plastid ultrastructure were studied in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata) using absorption, 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The developmental stage of the leaves was determined using the differentiation of the stoma complexes as seen by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The pigment content showed a gradual decrease from the outer leaf layer towards the central leaves. The innermost leaves were in a primordial stage in many aspects; they were large but had typical proplastids with few simple inner membranes, and contained protochlorophyllide and its esters in a 2 : 1 ratio and no chlorophyll. Short-wavelength, not flash-photoactive protochlorophyllide and/or protochlorophyll forms emitting at 629 and 636 nm were dominant in the innermost leaves. These leaves also had small amounts of the 644 and 654 nm emitting, flashphotoactive protochlorophyllide forms. Rarely prolamellar bodies were observed in this layer. The outermost leaves had the usual characteristics of fully developed green leaves. The intermediary layers contained chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b besides the protochlorophyll(ide) pigments and had various intermediary developmental stages. Spectroscopically two types of intermediary leaves could be distinguished: one with only a 680 nm emitting chlorophyll a form and a second with bands at 685, 695 and 730 nm, corresponding to chlorophyllprotein complexes of green leaves. In these leaves, a large variety of chloroplasts were found. The data of this work show that etioplasts, etio-chloroplasts or chloro-etioplasts as well as etiolated leaves do exist in the nature and not only under laboratory conditions. The specificity of cabbage leaves compared with those of dark-grown seedlings is the retained primordial or intermediary developmental stage of leaves in the inner layers for very long (even for a few month) period. This opens new developmental routes leading to formation of specially developed plastids in the various cabbage leaf layers. The study of these plastids provided new information for a better understanding of the plastid differentiation and the greening process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Solymosi

Martinez

Kristóf

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The final accumulation of the foreign protein was higher in microtubers than in soil‐grown tubers. This is likely due to the higher greening capacity of microtubers [32] and to the difference in size, causing the strongest greening in the layers just below the periderm of soil‐grown tubers, with a steep gradient being observed inwards [33]. Our results are also consistent with the high expression levels of rrn genes reported in potato chloroplasts [7] and with the light‐dependent translation conferred by the psbA 5'‐UTR, as mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Post‐harvest light treatment increases expression levels of recombinant proteins in transformed plastids of potato tubers

Larraya

Millán

Ancín

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Journal

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Plastid genetic engineering represents an attractive system for the production of foreign proteins in plants. Although high expression levels can be achieved in leaf chloroplasts, the results for non-photosynthetic plastids are generally discouraging. Here, we report the expression of two thioredoxin genes (trx f and trx m) from the potato plastid genome to study transgene expression in amyloplasts. As expected, the highest transgene expression was detected in the leaf (up to 4.2% of TSP). The Trx protein content in the tuber was approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than in the leaf. However, we demonstrate that a simple post-harvest light treatment of microtubers developed in vitro or soil-grown tubers induces up to 55 times higher accumulation of the recombinant protein in just seven to ten days. After the applied treatment, the Trx f levels in microtubers and soil-grown tubers increased to 0.14% and 0.11% of TSP, respectively. Moreover, tubers stored for eight months maintained the capacity of increasing the foreign protein levels after the light treatment. Post-harvest cold induction (up to five times) at 4°C was also detected in microtubers. We conclude that plastid transformation and post-harvest light treatment could be an interesting approach for the production of foreign proteins in potato.

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“…This is probably because of the difference in the ratio of the various Pchlide forms, that is, the photoactive, long‐wavelength Pchlide forms are dominating in the leaves (Böddi et al 1992, Shibata 1957, Schoefs and Franck 1993, Schoefs et al 2000). This way the greening of the leaves is faster then that of the stems, in which the short‐wavelength, non‐enzyme bound, monomeric forms of Pchlide are predominant (Böddi et al 1994, 1998, 2004, McEwen et al 1994, Seyedi et al 2001, Skribanek and Böddi 2001, Skribanek et al 2000, Terry et al 2001, Virgin 1996, Virgin and Sundqvist 1992). The etioplasts of the stems have small PLBs and their greening is slow (Böddi et al 1996, 2005, McEwen et al 1996, Seyedi et al 2001, Skribanek and Böddi 2001, Virgin 1993, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and temperature regulation of greening in dark‐grown ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

Skribanek

Solymosi

Hideg

et al. 2008

Physiologia Plantarum

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The last steps of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis were studied at different light intensities and temperatures in dark-germinated ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) seedlings. Pigment contents and 77 K fluorescence emission spectra were measured and the plastid ultrastructure was analysed. All dark-grown organs contained protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) forms with similar spectral properties to those of dark-grown angiosperm seedlings, but the ratios of these forms to each other were different. The short-wavelength, monomeric Pchlide forms were always dominating. Etioplasts with small prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and few prothylakoids (PTs) differentiated in the dark-grown stems. Upon illumination with high light intensities (800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) photon flux density, PFD), photo-oxidation and bleaching occurred in the stems and the presence of (1)O(2) was detected. When Chl accumulated in plants illuminated with 15 micromol m(-2) s(-1) PFD it was significantly slower at 10 degrees C than at 20 degrees C. At room temperature, the transformation of etioplasts into young chloroplasts was observed at low light, while it was delayed at 10 degrees C. Grana did not appear in the plastids even after 48 h of greening at 20 degrees C. Reaccumulation of Pchlide forms and re-formation of PLBs occurred when etiolated samples were illuminated with 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1) PFD at room temperature for 24 h and were then re-etiolated for 5 days. The Pchlide forms appeared during re-etiolation had similar spectral properties to those of etiolated seedlings. These results show that ginkgo seedlings are very sensitive to temperature and light conditions during their greening, a fact that should be considered for ginkgo cultivation.

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Pigment formation in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) exposed to light followed by darkness

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Post‐harvest light treatment increases expression levels of recombinant proteins in transformed plastids of potato tubers

Light and temperature regulation of greening in dark‐grown ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

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