Piggybacking on niche-adaptation reduces the cost of multidrug resistance plasmids

Kloos, Julia Maria; Gama, João Alves; Hegstad, Joachim; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Johnsen, Pål Jarle

doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.351932

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

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Compensatory mutations reducing the fitness cost of plasmid carriage occur in plant rhizosphere communities

Bird

Ford

Thompson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Plasmids drive bacterial evolutionary innovation by transferring ecologically important functions between lineages, but acquiring a plasmid often comes at a fitness cost to the host cell. Compensatory mutations, which ameliorate the cost of plasmid carriage, promote plasmid maintenance in simplified laboratory media across diverse plasmid-host associations. Whether such compensatory evolution can occur in more complex communities inhabiting natural environmental niches where evolutionary paths may be more constrained is, however, unclear. Here we show a substantial fitness cost of carrying the large conjugative plasmid pQBR103 in Pseudomonas fluorescens in the plant rhizosphere. This plasmid fitness cost could be ameliorated by compensatory mutations affecting the chromosomal global regulatory system gacA/gacS, which arose rapidly in plant rhizosphere communities and were exclusive to plasmid carriers. These findings expand our understanding of the importance of compensatory evolution in plasmid dynamics beyond simplified lab media. Compensatory mutations contribute to plasmid survival in bacterial populations living within complex microbial communities in their natural environmental niche.

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Compensatory mutations reducing the fitness cost of plasmid carriage occur in plant rhizosphere communities

Bird

Ford

Thompson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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Piggybacking on niche-adaptation reduces the cost of multidrug resistance plasmids

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Compensatory mutations reducing the fitness cost of plasmid carriage occur in plant rhizosphere communities

Compensatory mutations reducing the fitness cost of plasmid carriage occur in plant rhizosphere communities

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

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